▣ LINCOLN's Gettysburg Address

▣ LINCOLN's Gettysburg Address

Bliss Copy

Ever since Lincoln wrote it in 1864, this version has been the most often reproduced, notably on the walls of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington. It is named after Colonel Alexander Bliss, stepson of historian George Bancroft. Bancroft asked President Lincoln for a copy to use as a fundraiser for soldiers (see "Bancroft Copy" below). However, because Lincoln wrote on both sides of the paper, the speech could not be reprinted, so Lincoln made another copy at Bliss's request. It is the last known copy written by Lincoln and the only one signed and dated by him. Today it is on display at the Lincoln Room of the White House.

* 다음과 같이 쉽게 번역해 놓았으니 잘 이해하고 전문을 암기하면 좋을 것입니다.

§1  Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (自然法 思想) Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. 네번의 이십년 하고도 칠년 전 우리의 선조들은 이 대륙에  자유 사상에  배이고, 모든 인간은 평등하게 창조 되었다는 전제에 몸 바쳐 새로운 나라를  이루어 냈다. 우리는 그렇게 해서 만든 자유롭고 평등한 나라가 얼마나 오래 이어 나갈 수 있을까를 시험하는 큰 전쟁에 임 하고 있는 것이다. 우리는 이러한 싸움터에  함께 와 있다. §2  We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. 우리는 나라를 위해서 목숨을 바친 자들의 영원한 휴식처로서 하나의 조그마한 땅을 마련해 바치려고 와 있는 것이다. 우리가 이렇게 하는 것은 전혀 옳고 마땅한 것이다. 그러나 더 크게 보면 우리는 지금 이 땅을  바칠수도 신성하게 할수도, 거룩하게 할 수도 없다. 여기서 용감히 싸우다가 돌아가시거나 살아계신 분들이  우리의 미약한 힘으로는 감당할 수 없을 정도로 월등하게 더 성스러운 땅으로 이미 만들어 놓았기 때문이다. 우리가 여기서 말한 것은 별 것도 아니고 오래 기억되지도 않을 것이다. 그러나 이 곳에서 목숨을 내 놓고 싸우신 분들이 한 업적은 절대로 잊혀지지 않을 것이다. §3  It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they, who fought here, have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us (앞으로 우리가 해야 할 것은:) -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion, -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ;   -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.    우리가 해야 할 일은 여기서 싸운 분들이 그렇게도 높이 진척시켜 놓은 못 다한 일을 위해 우리가 헌신하는 것이다.   우리가 반드시 해야 할 일은 우리 앞에 남아 있는 이 위대한 일에  헌신이 되어야 하는 것이다.   영예롭게 죽어 간 사람들을 이어 그들이 있는 힘을 다해 헌신한 그 목적 命分을 따라서 우리는 더 많은 헌신을 하는 것이다.   이들 돌아가신 분들의 죽음이 헛되지 않게 하기 위해 우리는 힘차게 결의를 하는 것이다.   이 나라가 하느님의 가호 아래 자유로운 나라로 새로 태어나게  하는 것이다.   국민이 만든 정부, 국민이 다스리는 정부, 국민을 위하는 정부가 이 지구상에서 영원이 사라지지 않도록  하는 것이다. Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863

https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/images/miscellaneous/gettysburg-address2.jpg

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Nicolay Copy

Named for John G. Nicolay, President Lincoln's personal secretary, this is considered the "first draft" of the speech, begun in Washington on White house stationery. The second page is writen on different paper stock, indicating it was finished in Gettysburg before the cemetery dedication began. Lincoln gave this draft to Nicolay, who went to Gettysburg with Lincoln and witnessed the speech. The Library of Congress owns this manuscript.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war.

We come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow, this ground.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here.

 

It is rather for us, the living, we here to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us

that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion

that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain;

that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and

that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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Hay Copy

Believed to be the second draft of the speech, President Lincoln gave this copy to John Hay, a White House assistant. Hay accompanied Lincoln to Gettysburg and briefly referred to the speech in his diary: "the President, in a fine, free way, with more grace than is his wont, said his half dozen words of consecration." The Hay copy, which includes Lincoln's handwritten changes, also is owned by the Library of Congress.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war.

We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.

 

It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on.

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion

that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;

that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and

that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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Everett Copy

Edward Everett, the chief speaker at the Gettysburg cemetery dedication, clearly admired Lincoln's remarks and wrote to him the next day saying, "I should be glad, if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes." In 1864 Everett asked Lincoln for a copy of the speech to benefit Union soldiers, making it the third manuscript copy. Eventually the state of Illinois acquired it, where it's preserved at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war.

We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground.

The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us, the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here, have, thus far, so nobly advanced.

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion

that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom and

that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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Bancroft Copy

As noted above, historian George Bancroft asked President Lincoln for a copy to use as a fundraiser for soldiers. When Lincoln sent his copy on February 29, 1864, he used both sides of the paper, rendering the manuscript useless for lithographic engraving. So Bancroft kept this copy and Lincoln had to produce an additional one (Bliss Copy). The Bancroft copy is now owned by Cornell University.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war.

We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

 But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.

The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us

that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion -

that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and

that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

1863년 7월 1일에서 3일까지, 약 150,000명의 미합중국 병사가 게티스버그 전투에서 부딪혔다. 이 전투는 남북전쟁의 중요한 전환점이 되었다.[1] 이 전투는 당시 인구가 2400명 밖에 안되었던 게티스버그 마을 자체에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 전장에는 포토맥군과 남부 병사, 북버지니아군을 합해 7500명 이상의 병사와 5000마리 가량의 말의 시체가 뒹굴고 있었으며,[3] 5월 여름에 들판에 내버려진 시체들이 썩는 냄새는 코를 찌를 정도였다.
이 때문에 죽은 시체를 절차를 맞춰 매장하는 것이 게티스버그 마을에서 큰 일이 되었는데, 처음에는 마을에서 공동묘지 부지를 매입해 사망자 가족에게 매장료를 받아 매장하고자 하였다. 하지만 32세의 부유한 판사였던 데이비드 윌스는, 이 계획에 반대하고, 펜실베니아 주지사 앤드루 그레그 커틴에게 주 예산을 배정해서 국립묘지를 만들기를 청원했다. 윌스는 전장에서 죽은 병사들을 기리기 위한 17 에이커에 달하는 부지를 매입하도록 허가받았으며, 이에 따라 $2,475.87 의 예산을 배정받았다.
윌스는 원래 10월 23일에 묘지 헌정식을 가지고자 미국무부, 미국 상원 의원, 미국 하원 의원, 메사추세츠주 주지사, 하버드 대학 총장, 미국 부통령 후보를 맡았던 에드워드 에버레트를 주 연사로 초빙했다. 당시 에버레트는 연설가로서 이름을 날리고 있었다. 에버레트는 자신이 이 짧은 기간에 제대로 된 연설을 준비하기 어려울 것이라고 답하며 날짜를 연기할 것을 주문했으며, 장례 위원회에서는 이를 받아들이고, 날짜를 11월 19일 목요일로 연기했다.윌스와 장례 준비 위원회에서는 이후 링컨 대통령을 초청했다.
게티즈버그 연설(Gettysburg Address)은 에이브러햄 링컨이 남북 전쟁중이었던 1863년 11월 19일, 미국 펜실베이니아 주 게티즈버그에서 했던 연설이다. 이 연설은 게티즈버그 전투가 있은 후 4개월 후에 전장에 세워진, 당시 숨졌던 병사를 위한 국립 묘지 봉헌식에서 이루어졌는데, 미국 역사상 가장 많이 인용된 연설 중 하나이자, 가장 위대한 연설로 손꼽힌다.

David Wills's letter to Abraham Lincoln

Gettysburg Nov. 2nd, 1863
To His Excellency A. Lincoln,
President of The United States,

Sir, The Several States having Soldiers In the Army of the Potomac, who were killed at the battle of Gettysburg, or have since died at the various hospitals which were established in the vicinity, have procured grounds on a prominent part of the Battle Field for a Cemetery, and are having the dead removed to there and properly buried.
These Grounds will be Consecrated and set apart (the grounds) to this sacred purpose, by appropriate Ceremonies on Thursday the 19th instant, - Hon Edward Everett will deliver the Oration.
I am authorized by the Governors of the different States to invite you to be present, and participate in these ceremonies, which will doubtless be very imposing and solemnly impressive.
It is the desire that, after the Oration, You, as Chief Executive of the Nation, formally set apart these grounds to their Sacred use by a few appropriate remarks.
It(=a confidence~) will be a source of great gratification to the many widows and orphans that have been made almost friendless by the Great Battle here, to have you personally! and it will kindle anew in the breast of the comrades of these brave dead, who are now in the tented field or nobly meeting the foe in the front,

a confidence that they who sleep in death on the Battle Field are not forgotten by those highest in authority; and they will feel that, should their fate be the same, their remains will not be uncared for.
We hope you will be able to be present to perform this last solemn act to the Soldiers dead on the Battle Field.

I am with great Respect, Your Excellency's Obedient Servant,
David Wills
Agent for A.G. Curtin, Gov. of Penna. and acting for all the States