★★ Economical Driving

TIPS FOR FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING:

Avoid aggressive driving.

"Jack-rabbit" starts and hard braking can increase fuel consumption by as much as 40%,
tests show that "jackrabbit" starts and hard braking reduces travel time by only 4 percent.

The proper way is to accelerate slowly and smoothly, then get into high gear as quickly as possible.
In city driving, nearly 50% of the energy needed to power your car goes to acceleration.

Drive steadily at posted speed limits.
Increasing your highway cruising speed from 55mph (90km/h) to 75mph (120km/h) can raise fuel consumption as much as 20%. You can improve your gas mileage 10 - 15% by driving at 55mph rather than 65mph.

Avoid idling your vehicle, in both summer and winter.
If you're going to be stopped for more than 30 seconds, except in traffic, turn off the engine. In winter, don't idle a cold engine for more than 30 seconds before driving away.
(Older vehicles, however, may need more idling time when first started. In cold, winter conditions all vehicles may need more idling time to warm up and ensure the windshield is fully defogged. Be sure your vehicle is warmed enough to prevent stalling when you pull out.)

Make sure your tires are properly inflated to prevent increased rolling resistance.
Under-inflated tires can cause fuel consumption to increase by as much as 6%.
Check tire pressure at least once a month, when the tires are 'cold'. 

On average, tires lose about 1 psi per month and 1 psi for every 10 degree drop in temperature.
Do not inflate your tires to the 'maximum allowed' pressure which is marked on the side of your tires.

80%~ 90% of Maximum  이 가장 적절.

Select the right gear.

Change up through the gears and into top gear as soon as possible without accelerating harder than necessary.  Automatic transmissions will shift up more quickly and smoothly if you ease back slightly on the accelerator once the car gathers momentum. 탄력을 얻은 뒤 높은 기어로 들어가게 하기 위해서는 엑셀을 살짝 들어 주어 기어가 변경될 수 있는 기회를 만들어 주어야 한다. 엑셀을 계속 밟고 있으면 저단기어로 계속 가게 된다.

Use your air conditioner sparingly on older cars.

Using a vehicle’s air conditioner on a hot summer day can increase fuel consumption as much as 10% in city driving. If it’s cool enough, use the flow-through ventilation on your car instead of the air conditioner.

At low speeds, opening the window will also save reduce fuel consumption by reducing A/C use.

At higher speeds however, using the A/C may be more efficient than the wind resistance from open windows and sunroof.
Later model cars have more efficient air conditioning units, and the fuel saved by shutting down the A/C is not significant. In newer vehicles, roll up the windows and enjoy the A/C during hot weather.

Use the cruise control. on long stretches of highway driving,

cruise control can save fuel by helping your car maintain a steady speed. However, this efficiency is lost on steep hills where the cruise control tries to maintain even speeds. In hilly terrain, it is best to turn off the cruise control.

Choose the octane fuel which best suits your car.

Premium, high-octane fuels aren't necessarily the best choice for your car;

higher price doesn't guarantee better performance.

Many cars are designed to use regular low-octane fuel. Check your owner's manual to see what your car requires.

Service your vehicle regularly, according to the manufacturer's instructions. A poorly tuned engine can use up to 50% more fuel and produces up to 50% more emissions than on e that is running properly.

Air filters: Dirty air filters can also cause your engine to run at less than peak efficiency.

Regular visual checks of the air filter will tell you if it needs replacing and your owner's manual will also recommend appropriate replacement intervals. Clogged filters can cause up to a 10% increase in fuel consumption.

Oil: Using the correct viscosity oil is important because higher viscosity oils have greater resistance to the moving parts of the engine, and therefore use more gas.
Clean oil also contributes to better gas mileage. It is usually recommended that engine oil be changed every 3000 to 5000 miles.

Monitor power accessories. Be sure to shut off all power-consuming accessories before turning off the ignition. That way, you decrease engine load the next time you start up. Items that plug into your vehicle's cigarette lighter, such as TV consoles for mini-vans and SUVs, can cause the alternator to work harder to provide electrical current. This adds a load to the engine and added load increases fuel use, decreasing your gas mileage.

Tighten your gas cap. If you don't tighten up the gas cap to the second click, gas can evaporate.

Think "aerodynamic" and "lightweight".
Reduce drag. Out on the open highway, keep windows rolled up to reduce drag. Remove bicycle and ski racks when not in use. Excess weight also uses more fuel. Remove unnecessary items from inside the vehicle, trunk or truck bed. An extra 100lbs (48 kg) of weight can increase your fuel bill by 2%.

Park in shady areas when possible. Besides helping to keep your car cool, which reduces the need for air conditioning, parking in the shade also minimizes the loss of gas due to evaporation.

Use a block heater when the winter temperature drops to -20°C or below.

A block heater keeps your engine oil and coolant warm, which makes the vehicle easier to start and can reduce winter fuel consumption by as much as 10%. Use a timer to switch on the block heater one or two hours before you plan to drive.

Reduce your speed. You can reduce your petrol consumption and costs by up to 30% by driving at 50mph instead of 70mph.
 Above about 50 mph (80 kph), driving 10% faster will use between 10 and 20% more fuel, because air resistance is so much higher.
Petrol engines are at their most economical when running between 1500 and 4000rpm.
A turbo diesel is at its most economical when running between 1500 and 2500rpm so change gear if your engine revs exceed 2500rpm.

Close windows and sunroof and take off the roof rack - reduces air resistance

Clear out the junk - carrying excess weight wastes fuel, so see if you really need to be carrying all that heavy stuff round with you

Braking is just throwing energy away!

Keep tyre pressures up - sticking to the recommended pressure will save fuel and also give better handling. (tyre companies reckon if your tyres are 20% under-inflated you use up to 10% more fuel!) You can get "low rolling resistance" tyres, but the extra cost may not be justified by the fuel you save

Use a high gear - engines are more efficient at low speed than high speed, because so much power is wasted just moving the parts of the engine. As long as the engine isn't labouring (at a rough guide, don't go below 1500 rpm), then change up

Service your car regularly - not so critical on modern cars (fuel and ignition don't go out of adjustment in the same way), but worthwhile even so. (It's not just the engine - for example, if the brakes are binding slightly on , this can cause a big increase in fuel usage due to the increased friction.)

Use the right oil – you could be sceptical about the various wonder additives you may see advertised, but you can see a small but significant improvement by using lower viscosity oil. 0W30 is better than 10W40, which in turn is better than 20W50. But don't use an oil that is too "thin" for your engine (consult the owner's manual), or you may cause damage!

( Many people have reported benefits from using cruise control, though there is no obvious theoretical reason why it should help - perhaps the key is that it avoids you "drifting" up to a higher speed.)

Routine maintenance of the air filter and hoses .

Replace worn parts such as oxygen sensors and gas caps.

Service the transmission and cooling system as appropriate.

Optimum speed for most cars cruising down the highway is 55 mph (88 kph).

Use cruise control whenever possible. It will help you avoid unnecessary acceleration.

Use synthetic oil in a new car to increase the longevity of the engine and improve fuel economy.

Install a reusable air filter to save money and improve fuel economy. It allows a better flow of air to enter the fuel system.

Keep rolling – stopping then starting again uses more fuel than rolling.  Slow early for traffic lights or approaching a queue and you might not have to stop completely.
Monitoring the Diesel Particulate filter (DPF) if fitted

Coasting: Fuel and ignition systems are effectively combined and controlled by on e Electronic Control Unit (ECU). When you take your foot off the accelerator the ECU cuts the fuel supply to the injectors anyway .