** Increasing muscle mass may lower type 2 diabetes risk

Increasing muscle mass may lower type 2 diabetes risk

More muscle may reduce the odds(복수취급probability) of¹ developing diabetes, a new study suggests.
(Other research has shown that having less body fat reduces diabetes risk and that exercise can help too,) but the new study by UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) scientists suggests a link between higher muscle mass and a lower risk of diabetes.

"Our findings suggest that beyond focusing on losing weight to improve metabolic health, there may be a role for maintaining fitness and building muscle mass," says Preethi Srikanthan, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of endocrinology at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.

For the study, published online Thursday and in the September issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, researchers analyzed data from 13,644 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) to determine whether there was a correlation between higher levels of muscle mass and lower levels of insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes.

After controlling for age, race and other factors, the scientists found that for each 10% increase in the skeletal muscle index — the ratio of muscle mass to total body weight — there was a corresponding 11% reduction in insulin resistance and a 12% decrease in pre-diabetes.

According to the American Diabetes Association, 79 million people in the USA have pre-diabetes, which means their blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not in the diabetes range yet.

The finding that more muscle mass is beneficial is consistent with what's already known about muscle and fat — that they do affect metabolism, says Daniel Rubin, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of Endocrinology at Temple University School of Medicine.

"Extra fat has bad effects, but more muscle has good effects. These data are also consistent with data we see on exercise, that it helps decrease diabetes risk, and that a lack of exercise and weight gain increase risk," Rubin says.

Srikanthan points out that the study was not an intervention, it was observational. In other words, the authors did not look at the effect of different kinds of muscle-building activities on diabetes.

It's difficult to know when looking at a correlational study like this one whether it's just a correlation or an effect, says Duke endocrinologist Susan Spratt.

"Are there other healthy behaviors that tag along with high muscle mass that reduce the risk of diabetes? We don't know from this study that if you increase muscle mass you will decrease insulin resistance, but we can infer that might be the case," Spratt says.

It's a welcome message for patients who have trouble shedding extra pounds, Srikanthan says: "We should consider monitoring improvements in muscle mass in addition to changes in fat."

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Higher muscle mass apparently lowers diabetes risk

It looks like good health calls for more and more fitness regimes that not only reduce body fat but also boost muscle mass. A recent study by David School of Medicine, UCLA scientists has disclosed that higher muscle mass is apparently crucial for reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes apart from having less body fat.

In the year 2010, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) revealed that sarcopenia is linked to growing insulin resistance for both obese and non-obese persons accompanied by higher proportions of blood glucose in obese people.

This study made use of the same information to gauge this relation for 13,644 non-pregnant adults who had a minimum BMI of 16.5. The participants seemed to have varied levels of muscle mass other than only those with sacropenia.

After controlling certain factors like race, ethnicity, high BMI, and large waist for the analysis, it came to light that for every 10% rise in skeletal muscle index (SMI), there was a relative 11% decrease in insulin resistance along with a 12% lessening of pre-diabetes.

“Our findings suggest that beyond focusing on losing weight to improve metabolic health, there may be a role for maintaining fitness and building muscle mass. This is a welcome message for many overweight patients who experience difficulty in achieving weight loss, as any effort to get moving and keep fit should be seen as laudable and contributing to metabolic change,” commented Dr. Preethi Srikanthan, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of endocrinology at UCLA.

Scientists expressed that though they were aware of a relation between low muscle mass and metabolic disorders, it was surprising that this relation sustained through the range of muscle mass. Since the survey was cross-sectional, and not interventional, the results of the study cannot be ascertained. However, the survey does put forth the vitality of keeping a check on one’s muscle mass in correlation to diabetes risk. The investigators have plans of expanding the study including imaging techniques to measure the quality of muscle in obesity and diabetic patients.

The findings will be reported in the September issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

 

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Dieting may not be enough to avoid Type 2 diabetes

Sarcopenia is the lack of skeletal muscle mass and strength, especially in obese people and older adults. It has been assumed that sarcopenia elevates the risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) conducted an analysis to ascertain the effect of sarcopenia on insulin resistance which may be the root cause of Type 2 diabetes and blood glucose levels in both obese and non-obese people.

In order to conduct a cross-sectional analysis the investigators scrutinized the data on 14,528 people collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. The result declared the association of sarcopenia with insulin resistance in both obese and non-obese individuals. A correlation between sarcopenia and high blood-sugar levels appeared only among obese people.

Association of sarcopenia with high levels of blood sugar appeared in most obese and thin people aged 60. But the association in sarcopenia with diabetes was heightened in obese people alone. The investigators concluded that to go on a diet may not the only requirement to push down the risk of diabetes. In fact an individual should continue living fit and build good muscle mass and strength.

The study is published in the journal PLoS one.

 

 

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* http://www.uclahealth.org/

Beef up your muscles, reduce your diabetes risk

Date: 07/28/2011 Contact: Enrique Rivero

(Video of Dr. Preethi Srikanthan discussing her findings is available upon request.)   More muscle mass — and not just less body fat — is critical to lowering your risk for type 2 diabetes, a new UCLA study suggests.             Reporting in the September issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, researchers from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA suggest there is a correlation between greater muscle mass, relative to body size, and a substantially decreased risk of developing the metabolic changes that lead to diabetes.   "Our findings suggest that beyond focusing on losing weight to improve metabolic health, there may be a role for maintaining fitness and building muscle mass," said Dr. Preethi Srikanthan, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of endocrinology at UCLA. "This is a welcome message for many overweight patients who experience difficulty in achieving weight loss, as any effort to get moving and keep fit should be seen as laudable and contributing to metabolic change."   In 2009, the UCLA researchers published a study suggesting that the ratio of waist size to hip size — an indirect measure of abdominal fat, relative to gluteal musculature — is a better predictor of premature death in older adults than either body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. They then examined a condition called sarcopenic obesity, in which there is a low level of total body muscle mass (sarcopenia) combined with a high BMI (obesity), theorizing that the presence of this condition would correlate with higher insulin resistance and diabetes risk.   The following year, they tested this hypothesis by examining data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III); the data were culled from health information collected between 1988 and 1994 on 17,000 people aged 20 and older — a large number of people of various ages. They found that sarcopenia was associated with increased insulin resistance in both non-obese and obese individuals, and also with higher levels of blood glucose in obese individuals.   For the current study, they again used NHAHES III data, this time on 13,644 adults who were not pregnant and had a BMI of at least 16.5, to see how this correlation applied to individuals representing the entire spectrum of muscle mass levels, rather than only those with sarcopenia. Specifically, they wanted to determine if there was a correlation between higher levels of muscle mass and lower levels of insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes.   After controlling for age, race and ethnicity, gender, generalized obesity (high BMI), and central obesity (large waist), they found that for each 10 percent increase in the skeletal muscle index (SMI) — the ratio of muscle mass to total body weight — there was a corresponding 11 percent reduction in insulin resistance and a 12 percent reduction in pre–diabetes, a condition characterized by higher-than-normal levels of glucose in the blood.   "While we knew there was a relationship between metabolic disorders and very low muscle mass, we were surprised to find that this relationship was preserved across the range of muscle mass," Srikanthan said.   The study was cross-sectional rather than interventional, so the researchers cannot say for certain that increasing one's muscle mass will lower one's risk of developing insulin resistance or pre-diabetes. But given the strong associations they found, the research demonstrates the importance of monitoring relative muscle mass to get an idea of a person's risk for diabetes.   The researchers now want to perform a similar analysis in a large data set containing a better measure of both muscle mass and body fat, Srikanthan said.   "Further, we have an imaging technique to look at the quality of muscle in obese patients and diabetics, and we would be interested in seeing how this changes over time and with different interventions," she said.   Dr. Arun Karlamangla, a UCLA associate professor of medicine in the division of geriatrics, co-authored this study.   The National Institutes of Health funded this research.   The UCLA Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, part of the department of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, provides consultative, diagnostic and therapeutic services for the full range of endocrine problems. The division has complete diagnostic and therapeutic capability, in association with members of the divisions of general surgery, neurosurgery and vascular surgery and the departments of ophthalmology and radiology.   The UCLA Division of Geriatrics within the department of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA offers comprehensive outpatient and inpatient services at several convenient locations and works closely with other UCLA programs that strive to improve and maintain the quality of life of seniors. UCLA geriatricians are specialists in managing the overall health of people age 65 and older and treating medical disorders that frequently affect the elderly, including falls and immobility, urinary incontinence, memory loss and dementia, arthritis, high blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis, and diabetes. As a result of their specialized training, UCLA geriatricians can knowledgably consider and address a broad spectrum of health-related factors — including medical, psychological and social — when treating patients.

 

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