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| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| File menu |
Alt+F |
|
Alt+F |
Alt+F |
| Edit menu |
Alt+E |
|
Alt+E |
Alt+E |
| View menu |
Alt+V |
|
Alt+V |
Alt+V |
| Undo the last operation |
Ctrl+Z |
⌘ Cmd+Z |
Ctrl+Z |
Ctrl+Z |
| Redo the last operation |
Ctrl+Y |
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+Z |
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z |
⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z |
| Cut the selected area and store it in the clipboard |
Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+Del |
⌘ Cmd+X |
Ctrl+X |
Ctrl+X |
| Copy the selected area into the clipboard |
Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins |
⌘ Cmd+C |
Ctrl+C |
Ctrl+C |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor |
Ctrl+V, or ⇧ Shift+Ins |
⌘ Cmd+V |
Ctrl+V |
Ctrl+V |
| Select everything in focused control or window |
Ctrl+A |
⌘ Cmd+A |
Ctrl+A |
Ctrl+A |
| Delete selection |
Del |
Backspace (Delete) |
Del |
Del |
| Display the selected object's properties/information window. |
Alt+Enter |
⌘ Cmd+I |
|
Alt+Enter |
| Show help |
F1 |
F1, ⌘ Cmd+? |
F1 |
F1 |
[edit] Documents
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Create a new document |
Ctrl+N |
⌘ Cmd+N |
Ctrl+N |
Ctrl+N |
| Open a document |
Ctrl+O |
⌘ Cmd+O |
Ctrl+O |
Ctrl+O |
| Save the current document |
Ctrl+S |
⌘ Cmd+S |
Ctrl+S |
Ctrl+S |
| Print the current document |
Ctrl+P |
⌘ Cmd+P |
Ctrl+P |
Ctrl+P |
| Close the current document |
varies [1] |
⌘ Cmd+W |
Ctrl+W |
Ctrl+W |
| Zoom in on the document |
Ctrl+Click Wheel (Scroll) |
⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+= (⌘ Cmd++),⌘ Cmd+= |
Ctrl++ |
Ctrl++ |
| Zoom out of the document |
Ctrl+Click Wheel (Scroll) |
⌘ Cmd+- |
Ctrl+- |
Ctrl+- |
| Reload the current document, updating content from source if necessary |
F5, Ctrl+R |
⌘ Cmd+R |
F5 |
Ctrl+R |
[edit] Text editing
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| previous word |
Ctrl+← |
⌥ Opt+← |
Ctrl+← |
|
| next word |
Ctrl+→ |
⌥ Opt+→ |
Ctrl+→ |
|
| previous line break |
Ctrl+↑ |
⌥ Opt+↑ |
Ctrl+↑ (kword) |
|
| next line break |
Ctrl+↓ |
⌥ Opt+↓ |
Ctrl+↓ (kword) |
|
| selecting next word |
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + → |
⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + → |
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + → |
|
| selecting previous word |
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + ← |
⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + ← |
⇧ Shift + Ctrl + ← |
|
[edit] Web browsers
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Bookmarks menu |
Alt+B |
Cmd+Opt+B |
Alt+B |
Alt+B |
| Add a bookmark for the current location |
Ctrl+D |
Cmd+D |
Ctrl+B |
Ctrl+D |
| Manage bookmarks |
Ctrl+B |
Cmd+Opt+B (Safari) |
|
Ctrl+B |
| Reload page from cache |
F5 |
Cmd+R |
|
Ctrl+R |
| Reload page bypassing cache |
Ctrl+F5 |
Shift+Cmd+R |
F5 |
Ctrl+Shift+Cmd+R |
[edit] Go menu
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Go to Browser |
|
Cmd+L |
|
|
| Go to the previous location in history |
Alt+← or Backspace(Internet Explorer) |
Cmd+[ or Cmd+← |
Alt+← |
Alt+← |
| Go to the next location in history |
Alt+→ |
Cmd+] or Cmd+→ |
Alt+→ |
Alt+→ |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy |
Alt+↑(Vista only) or Backspace(Windows Explorer) |
Cmd+↑ |
Alt+↑ |
Alt+↑ |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application |
Alt+Home |
Cmd+Home |
Ctrl+Home |
Alt+Home |
| Go back a page |
|
Cmd+{ |
|
|
[edit] Text formatting
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Make selected text bold/regular |
Ctrl+B |
Cmd+B |
Ctrl+B |
Ctrl+B |
| Toggle underlining of selected text |
Ctrl+U |
Cmd+U |
Ctrl+U |
Ctrl+U |
| Make selected text italic/regular |
Ctrl+I |
Cmd+I |
Ctrl+I |
Ctrl+I |
| Change to upper/lower case |
Shift+F3 |
⌥ Opt+Cmd+C |
|
|
[edit] Window management
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Switch to next/previous focused window |
Alt+Tab / Shift+Alt+Tab |
Cmd+Tab / Shift+Cmd+Tab |
Alt+Tab / Shift+Alt+Tab |
Alt+Tab / Shift+Alt+Tab |
| Switch focus to the next/previous window (without dialog) |
Alt+Esc / Shift+Alt+Esc |
Ctrl+F4 or Cmd+` |
|
Alt+Esc / Shift+Alt+Esc |
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop |
|
|
|
Ctrl+Alt+Tab / Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab |
| Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog) |
|
|
|
Alt+Esc / Shift+Alt+Esc |
| Pop up window menu |
Alt+Space |
|
Alt+F3 |
Alt+Space |
| Close the focused window |
Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 or Alt+Space then C or Ctrl + W |
Cmd+W |
Alt+F4 |
Alt+F4 |
| Restore the focused window to its previous size |
|
|
|
Alt+F5 |
| Move the focused window |
Alt+Space then M then Arrow Keys |
|
|
Alt+F7 |
| Resize the focused window |
Alt+Space then S then Arrow Keys |
|
|
Alt+F8 |
| Minimize the focused window |
Alt+Space then N |
Cmd+M |
Win+- |
Alt+F9 |
| Maximize the focused window |
Alt+Space then X |
|
Win++ |
Alt+F10 |
| Maximize horizontally |
|
|
Win+= |
|
| Maximize vertically |
|
|
Win+Space |
|
| Minimize all |
Win+M |
Cmd+Alt+M |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
| Undo minimize all |
Shift+Win+M |
|
Ctrl+Alt+D |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
| Switch fullscreen/normal size |
F11 |
|
F11 |
|
| Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar |
|
Depends on application |
Ctrl+Shift+F |
Ctrl+F11 |
| Rollup/down window |
|
Cmd+M |
Win+_ |
Alt+F12 |
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace |
win+ctrl+arrow keys |
|
|
Shift+Alt+Left / Right / Up / Down |
| Move window to desktop X |
|
|
Win+Alt+FX |
|
| Switch to next/previous desktop |
|
Fn+Right / Fn+Left (Leopard) |
Win+Tab / Win+Shift+Tab |
|
| Switch to next/previous desktop list |
|
|
Ctrl+Tab / Shift+Ctrl+Tab |
|
| Go to desktop X |
|
|
Ctrl+FX / Shift+Ctrl+FX |
|
| Go to left/right/up/down desktop |
|
|
|
Ctrl+Alt+Left / Right / Up / Down |
| Show / hide desktop |
Win+D |
F11 |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
| Activate window demanding attention |
|
|
Ctrl+Alt+A |
|
| Kill window |
Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 varies [1] |
Cmd+Alt+Esc |
Ctrl+Alt+Esc |
|
| Close dialog |
Esc |
Esc |
|
|
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control |
Tab / Shift+Tab |
|
Tab / Shift+Tab |
Tab / Shift+Tab |
| Pop up tooltip for currently-focused control |
Shift+F1 |
|
|
Ctrl+F1 |
| Show context-sensitive help for currently-focused window or control |
Shift+F1 |
Cmd+? |
Shift+F1 |
Shift+F1 |
| Give focus to next/previous pane |
Ctrl+F6 / Alt+F6 |
Cmd+` |
|
F6 / Shift+F6 |
| Give focus to splitter bar in paned window |
|
|
|
F8 |
| Give focus to window's menu bar |
F10 or Alt |
Ctrl+F2 |
Alt |
F10 |
| Pop up contextual menu for currently-selected objects |
Shift+F10 or Menu |
|
Menu |
Shift+F10 |
| Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button |
Space |
Space |
Space |
Space |
| Activate focused button, menu item etc. |
Enter |
Enter |
Enter |
Enter |
| Select/move to first/last item in selected widget |
|
|
Home / End |
Home / End |
| Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right |
|
|
|
PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp /
PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown |
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Create new tab |
Ctrl+T |
Cmd+T |
Ctrl+Shift+N or Ctrl+T |
Ctrl+T |
| Close current tab |
Ctrl+W |
|
|
|
| Go to next/previous tab |
Ctrl+Tab / Ctrl+Shift+Tab |
Cmd+{ / Cmd+} or Cmd+Shift+Left / Cmd+Shift+Right (Safari) |
Ctrl+, / Ctrl+. |
Ctrl+PageUp / Ctrl+PageDown |
[edit] Desktop navigation
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| Run new application |
Win+R |
|
Alt+F2 |
Alt+F2 |
| Open new browser window with same page as current |
Ctrl+N |
Cmd+N (Non-default user option in Safari) |
|
|
| Start menu / Applications menu |
Win or Ctrl+Esc |
Cmd+Shift+A |
Alt+F1 |
Alt+F1 |
| Copy a screenshot to clipboard |
Print Screen or Ctrl+Print Screen |
Cmd+Ctrl+Shift+3 (Cmd+Shift+3 to create as a file on the desktop) |
Ctrl+Print |
Print |
| Copy a screenshot of window to clipboard |
Alt+Print Screen |
Cmd+Ctrl+Shift+4 then Space (Cmd+Shift+4 to create as a file on the desktop) |
Alt+Print |
Alt+Print |
| Lock desktop |
Win+L or Ctrl+Alt+Space |
|
Ctrl+Alt+L |
Ctrl+Alt+L |
| Show desktop |
Win+D |
F11 |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
Ctrl+Alt+D |
| Switch active user |
Win+L [2] |
|
Ctrl+Alt+L |
|
| Task manager |
Ctrl+Shift+Esc, Ctrl +Alt+Delete[3] |
Cmd+Opt+Esc |
Ctrl+Esc |
|
| Rename file |
F2 |
Enter |
F2 |
F2 |
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.
| Action |
Windows (Cmd.exe) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash) |
Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (POSIX shell) |
| Scroll through History of typed commands |
↑/↓ |
↑/↓ |
ESC K/ESC J |
| Signal end-of-file |
Ctrl+Z |
Ctrl+D |
|
| Abort current command/typing |
Ctrl+C |
Ctrl+C |
Ctrl+C |
| Erase word to the left |
|
Ctrl+W |
| Erase word to the right |
|
Alt+D |
|
| Erase line to the left |
Esc |
Ctrl+U |
|
| Erase line to the right |
Esc |
Ctrl+K |
|
| Move one word to the left (backward) |
Ctrl+← |
Alt+B |
|
| Move one word to the right (forward) |
Ctrl+→ |
Alt+F |
|
| Move to beginning of line |
Home |
Ctrl+A |
|
| Move to end of line |
End |
Ctrl+E |
|
| Reverse search of history |
F7 |
Ctrl+R |
|
| Send current job to the background |
|
Ctrl+Z |
|
| Autocomplete command/file name |
Tab ⇆ (if enabled eg. via TweakUI) |
Tab ⇆ (usually twice) |
Esc ⇆ (usually twice) |
- ^ a b There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
- ^ Takes you to the Switch User-screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
- ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager. Same with Vista, but with a prettier menu.
[edit] See also
