https://hanngil.tistory.com/12410746
< Mood 의 분류 >:
Indicative Mood, Imperative Mood, Interrogative Mood,
* Subjunctive Mood, * Conditional Mood,
< 이 장에서 다룰 내용들 >:
* Subjunctive Mood
* Conditional Mood
* Subjuctive mood vs. Conditional mood.
* Subjunctive clause / sentence.
* Conditional clause / sentence.
★ SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
deepseek
The subjunctive mood is a special verb form used to express situations that are not real or certain, such as:
- Wishes ("I wish I were there.") 가정문, (가정절. 가정법 과거동사로서 were) past sub.
- Hypotheticals ("If I were a bird, I would fly.") 가정문, 조건문. (가상절, 조건절 이 overlay, 가정법 과거로서 were) past sub.
- Demands or Suggestions ("She insisted that he go now.") 가정문. (가정절. 가정법 원형동사) present sub.
- Importance or Necessity ("It’s vital that she be informed.") 가정문. (가정절. 가정법 원형동사) present sub.
How to Form the Subjunctive Mood
1. Present Subjunctive (for demands, suggestions, necessity) 원형동사 be
→ Use the base form of the verb (no -s for third-person singular).
- Correct: "The teacher demands that he study harder." (Not "studies")
- Correct: "It’s important that she be on time." (Not "is")
2. Past Subjunctive (for unreal/hypothetical situations) 과거동사 were.
→ Use "were" for all subjects (even I, he, she, it).
- Correct: "If I were you, I’d apologize." (Not "was")
- Correct: "She acts as if she were the boss."
When Do We Use the Subjunctive?
SituationExample
| Wishes | "I wish I were taller." |
| Hypothetical "If" Clauses | "If he were here, he’d help." |
| Demands/Requests | "They asked that she leave early." |
| Suggestions | "I suggest that he try again." |
| Necessity/Urgency | "It’s crucial that they be ready." |
# 요약하자면 다음과 같은 sentences 에서 subjunctive mood 를 쓴다.#
If -clause, 가정법 과거형
I wish (that ) I were taller. 가정법 과거형
demand, ask, suggest, require, request, ... 가정법 현재형 (동사 원형)
It is important / essential, ... 가정법 현재형 (동사 원형)
Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ "She insists that he goes now." (Incorrect – should be "go")
❌ "If I was rich, I’d buy a castle." (Formally, "were" is better.)
✅ Correct: "She insists that he go now."
✅ Correct: "If I were rich, I’d buy a castle."
Why is the Subjunctive Important?
- Used in formal writing, literature, and polite requests.
- Makes hypothetical or non-factual statements clear.
- Still common in fixed phrases ("God save the Queen!", "So be it.").
* 다음은 원형동사 bare verb 를 쓰는 subjunctive sentences 이다.
( 미래의 행위 bare verbs 를 암시하는 Main Verbs )
( It is ~ that ... bare vers 구조의 adjectives )
1. Suggest, Recommend, Propose:
- I suggest that he complete the project before Friday.
- She recommended that the child eat more vegetables.
- They proposed that the meeting begin earlier.
2. Require, Request, Insist, Demand, Ask:
- The rules require that everyone be present.
- I request that you submit your application by tomorrow.
- She insisted that he call her immediately.
- They demanded that the suspect speak the truth.
- The professor asked that the students attend the lecture.
3. Command, Order, Instruct, Direct:
- The general commanded that the troops advance at dawn.
- He ordered that the documents be delivered by noon.
- The teacher instructed that the homework include detailed explanations.
- She directed that the funds be allocated accordingly.
4. Advise, Urge, Necessitate:
- I advise that you take the necessary precautions.
- The report urged that measures be taken to address the issue.
- The situation necessitates that immediate action be taken.
5. It is Necessary, Essential, Important, Crucial, Critical, Vital:
- It is necessary that he understand the rules fully.
- It is essential that the data be accurate.
- It is important that everyone arrive on time.
- It is crucial that the findings reflect the latest research.
- It is critical that the patient receive proper care.
- It is vital that the system function smoothly
I suggested (that) he go home. (Correct)
I suggested his going home. (Correct)
(I suggested him to go home.) ( informal use)
I asked that he think again. (격식 있는 표현)
(I asked him to think again.) (일상적 표현)
I am not certain if I will see her tomorrow. 직설법 현재
(I am not certain if I see her tomorrow.) 가정법. (쓰지 않는다)
기타 여러 예문들 모음:
===================================
★ CONDITIONAL MOOD
deepseek
The Conditional Mood
The conditional mood is a verb form used to express actions that depend on a condition.
(an "if" or hypothetical situation).
- 1st Future possible events ("If it rains, we would stay home.") 현재형.
- 2nd Present Imaginary situations ("If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.") 과거형.
- 3rd Past Imaginary situations ( If I had had a million dollars, I would have travelled the world.)
* 조건절은 If-clause. 결과절은 would, could, might, ... 을 쓴다.
* 조건문 ("Would you help me, please?") (= If you please 조건절)
Types of Conditional Mood
1st. Future Real (Possible) Conditional ( 1st Conditional) 미래 현실 (할 것이라면, 일 것이라면)
→ Used for realistic future possibilities.
Structure: If + present simple, will/can/may + base verb
- "If you study, you will pass the test."
- "If she calls, I might answer."
2nd. Present Unreal (Hypothetical) Conditional ( 2nd Conditional) 현재 가상 (이라면)
→ Used for unreal or unlikely situations (present/future).
Structure: If + past simple, would/could/might + base verb
- "If I were rich, I would buy a castle." (But I’m not rich.)
- "If he practiced, he could win." (But he doesn’t practice.)
3rd. Past Unreal Conditional ( 3rd Conditional) 과거 가상 (이었다면)
→ Used for imaginary past situations (things that didn’t happen).
Structure: If + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle
- "If you had studied, you would have passed." (But you didn’t study.)
- "If they had left earlier, they might have arrived on time."
Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ "If I would be rich, I would buy a car." (Wrong – should be "If I were rich...")
❌ "If she studied, she will pass." (Wrong – should be "would pass")
✅ Correct: "If I were rich, I would buy a car."
✅ Correct: "If she studied, she would pass."
Summary Table
Type Structure Example
| Real (1st) | If + present, will + verb | "If it rains, we will cancel." |
| Unreal (2nd) | If + past, would + verb | "If I knew, I would tell you." |
| Past Unreal (3rd) | If + past perfect, would have + past participle | "If you had called, I would have answered." |
Example:
If you study hard, you will pass the test. (A possible future result)
If I were taller, I would play basketball. (A hypothetical present situation)
If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train. (A hypothetical past situation)
If it rains, we will stay inside. (Possible future situation)
If I were you, I would study harder. (Hypothetical advice)
If I had more time, I would travel the world. (Imagined situation)
* Alternative words like unless, as long as, provided that can also be used.
unless, as long as, provided that, in case 뒤에는 present simple 를 쓴다.
( bare verb 를 쓰지 않는다.)
(This is a grammatical convention, not necessarily based on logical time sequencing.)
:
< Types of Conditionals >:
- Zero Conditional: ( if = when)
- Used for general truths or facts.
- Structure: If + present simple, present simple.
- Example: If you heat water, it boils.
- First Conditional:
- Used for possible or likely future situations.
- Structure: If + present simple, will + base verb.
- Example: If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
- Second Conditional:
- Used for hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future.
- Structure: If + past simple, would + base verb.
- Example: If I won the lottery, I would buy a mansion.
- Note: "were" is used for all subjects in the "if" clause in formal second conditional.
- Third Conditional:
- Used for hypothetical situations in the past (counterfactuals).
- Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
- Example: If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- Mixed Conditional:
- Combines elements of second and third conditionals.
- Example: If I had studied harder (past), I would be a doctor now (present).
< Key Teaching Points >:
- Verb Tense Consistency: Emphasize the importance of using the correct verb tenses in each part of the conditional sentence.
- "If" Clause Variations: Explore variations like "unless," "provided that," "as long as," and "in case."
- Modal Verbs: Explain the role of modal verbs (would, could, might, should) in expressing different degrees of possibility and certainty.
- Real-World Applications: Use real-world examples and scenarios to make the conditional mood relevant and engaging.
- Practice and Application: Provide ample opportunities for students to practice constructing and using conditional sentences in various contexts.
- Common Errors: Be aware of common errors, such as incorrect verb tenses or mixing conditional types, and provide targeted feedback.
- Formal vs. Informal usage: The second conditional, in formal english, uses "were" for all subjects.
< Teaching Strategies >:
- Use visual aids, such as diagrams and charts, to illustrate the different conditional structures.
- Engage students in role-playing and storytelling activities that require them to use the conditional mood.
- Use games and quizzes to reinforce understanding and provide practice.
- Use authentic materials, such as news articles, stories, and conversations, to expose students to real-world examples of conditional sentences.
- Encourage students to analyze and critique conditional sentences in their own writing and the writing of others.
★ Subjuctive mood vs. Conditional mood.
(조건법 속에 가정법이 있다.) 가정법은 조건법에 포함된다.
( a hypothetical clause is a subset of conditional clauses)
모든 가정절은 조건절이지만, 모든 조건절이 가정절은 아니다.
가정절은 조건절 중에서도 비현실적/반대되는 상황을 표현하는 특수한 경우이다.
"If it rains, we will cancel the trip." (실제 가능성 있음) 조건문이지만, 가정문은 아니다.
https://hanngil.tistory.com/12410752
---------- Words, Phrases, Clauses, Sentences --------------
PLEASE [ 기쁘게 하다, 만족시키다.]
If you please, If it please(s) you. -->> Please (부사).
His gift pleased her.
- 일상 대화·현대 문서 → "If you please." (더 자연스러움)
- 고전 문학·역사적 재현 → "If it please you." (의도적 아날로그 감각)
- 일반적인 정중한 요청 → "Please"만 단독으로 쓰는 것이 가장 일반적입니다.
"If it please you, my lord, I shall proceed."
"Follow me, if you please." 네가 좋다면,
"He insulted me, if you please!" (어떻게 들릴지 몰라도)
(X not real or certain) → "Not real, or not certain" (실제가 아니거나, 확실하지 않다)
not real or uncertain = Not (real or uncertain) ( '실제이거나 불확실한 것' 이 아니다) (둘 다 아님)
unreal or uncertain 비현실적 혹은 불확실한
"neither real nor certain" 실제도 확실하지도 아니다.
"either not real or uncertain" 실제가 아니거나, 확실하지 않거나.
2025. 3. 25.