[A] DEMONSTRATIVE Advs
한정 대명 지시부사: then, there, here, thus, so, as, thus, the,
[1] TIME 지시부사
THEN
I was young then.
I first learned to speak, and then to read and write. 그러고 나서,
Have you walked all the way? Then you must be tired. 그렇다면,
I read the Bible now and then. 잊어버리지 않을려고 지금이나 그 때나 수시로 읽는다
( now and then, now and again, once in a while.)
(cf. The then king. 형용사로 쓰임.)
[2] PLACE 지시부사
HERE, hither 여기까지, hence 여기서 부터;
THERE, thither 거기까지, thence 거기서 부터
Here is a book.
Here lies the difference. 이 경우에
The woman here burst into tears. 이 시점에서.
Here you are. (= Here (is the thing) you are (seeking)). 여기있다, 네가 찾는 것.
Here comes the man. 아-
Here we are at the station. 자, 역에 도책했다.
(cf. The schools here are very flourishing. 형용사. 여기의 학교들)
Is it very cold there? 거기
I differ from you there. 그점에서.
There! That will do. 어! 그거 됐어.
They are scattered here and there.
(hither and thither, here and there 여기저기에)
He is here, there, and everywhere.
That's neither here nor there. 이것도 저것도 아니다. 아무 관련이 없다.
=That is of no consequence either one way or the other.
이래도 저래도 결과는 없다. 중요하지 않다.
cf. a man of (great) consequence. 중요한 사람. 인물.
an event of great consequence. 결과에 영향을 줄 중요한 사건.
an event of no consequence.
with an air of great consequence.거드름 피우며
I will leave a week hence. (=from this time. from now)
A year hence it will be forgotten.
Get you hence, for i must go. (=from this place) 나 가야하니 지금부터 네가 알아서 하라.
A week thence he was gone. (=from that time)
Hitherto I have been idle. (=up to this time, until now) 지금까지
Thitherto he had been able to devote a large portion of the time. (=up to that time; until then)
[3] MANNER 지시부사
* THUS, SO
How do you like it ? ( in what way? to what extent?)
- He loves her so. 그런식으로 (또는 대단히 많이) 사랑한다.
- Thus did Noah. (THUS : in this manner.)
Do not talk so. (SO : in such manner.)
(Manner/ Degree 판단은 주관으로 판단할 수 밖에 없는 경우가 많다)
[4] DEGREE 지시부사
AS, SO, THUS, THE
*AS ~ AS, 앞은 비교의 지시부사, 뒤의 as 는관계부사.
He is as strong as an ox (is).
He is as honest a man as ever breathed.
Come as soon as you can.
A pencil will do quite as well. 마찬가지로
( quite는 fairy보다는 약한 느낌) 연필로도 충분해.
*SO (=to such a degree)
He is as rich as my father.
- He is not so rich as my father.
I like him as well. 그 사람도 똑 같이 좋아한다.
- I do not like him so well. 그만치는 좋아하지 않아.
He is as kind as ever.
- He is so kind as to let me use his library. ( so ~ as to V.)
He ate so much that he made himself sick. ( so ~ that)
So many () came that we could not catch them all.
The lamps shone like so many stars.
As two is to one, so is six to three.
Her hair swept the floor, it was so long.
Her hair was so long that it swept the floor.
He is so kind as to lend me the money. (여기 so는 backward reference로 쓰임)
cf. It is so beautiful. ( 여기 so는 indefinite reference 로서 to such a degree 혹은 very)
He loves her so. 그런식으로 (또는 대단히 많이) 사랑한다.
cf. Do not talk so. (SO : in such manner.)
*THUS (=to this degree, to this extent) 이 만큼
He spoke thus.
Thus far so good, no farther.
Thus much is clear. 이만치는 명료하다.
cf. Thus did Noah. (THUS : in this manner.)
*THE (=to that degree, to that extent) 그 만큼
(by how much... by so much)
(in what degree... in that degree.)
He has faults, never-the-less we love him. 여전히
=He has faults, but we love him none-the-less. 여전히
=We love him nonetheless because he has faults. 여전히
The fleet had sustained a great loss,
but it was nonetheless formidable for that.
( to sustain 견디다. 피해를 입다.)
The fleet was nonetheless formidable for the loss it had sustained.
The amusement was the more pleasing as it offered itself so unexpectedly.
(여기so는 '보다 재미있는 것'을 가르킨다)
So much, the better.많으면 더 좋다. The more, the better. 많을 수록,
So much, the worse. 많아서 덜 좋다.
He was the worse for drink. 술 때문에 그만큼 나빠졌다.
Nobody will be the wiser. = Nobody will know.
cf. The more, the better. (The more is the better.)
[5] REASON 지시부사
HENCE ( =for this reason, therefore),
THEREFORE ( = for that reason 그래서)
cf. wherefore =why 어째서
Handmade and hence expensive. They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest is Nubian art. The eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory.
He blushes 얼굴 붉히다; therefore he must be guilty.