일고특강노트

https://hanngill.tistory.com/225

특강 내용 일부가 잘 못 이 있거나 부족함이 있어 수정하거나 보완하였슴.

	S  Vt  O  - patterns
	He did not attend school.
	She accosted me.
	They opposed his plan.
	He obeyed his parents.
	The house faces the lake.
	I followed the porter.
	They approached the lady.
	He accompanied his uncle.
	His act deserved the praise.
	I consulted the doctor.
	A sweet perfume permeated the air.
	Many people inhabit the island.
	this dress becomes her well.
	this coat fits you well.
( V,I. cognate Object )			agnate 남계친족(의)
	He laughed a scornful laugh.		cognate 여계친족(의)
	He sighed a deep sigh.
	He lived a happy life.
	He died a miserable death.
	The king lived a life of an exile.
	Such a life she lived.
	I dreamed a curious dream.
	He has come a long way.
	It blew a gale.
	Let's run a race.		run a mile.
( V,T. cognate Object )
	They fought a good fight.
	He breathed a deep breath.
	The blacksmith struck a mighty stroke.
	He has breathed his last (breath).
	We shouted our loudest ( shout ).
OBJECT modified by adjective clause.
	You may take whichever book you like.
	You may marry ( the person ) whom you like.
	I don't know ( the time ) when he will come.
	I will give what help I can.
OBJECT modified by Infinitive
	I have much to do.
	I have enough to eat.
	I don't know her to speak to.
	What have I to do with the matter?			pudere "feel ashamed"]
	He had the impudence to say so.
	She had the impudence(=was impudent )  to answer her teacher back.
			She was shamed before the whole school.
	Will you have the goodness to show me the way?
	Take care not to break it.
	She smiled her thanks.		He smiled his consent.
S V  O + adverbial phrase (prep,+noun)
	He planted the garden with flowers.
	He reminds me of his father.
	Add 5 to 7.
	He absented himself from school.
	The river divides the city into 2 parts.
	He asked me for some money.
	They robbed a bank of $ 10000.
	We employed her as a cook.
	She caught me by the arm.
	They took me for him.
	I congratulate you on passing the examination.
	I gave the maney to her.
	She asked my opinion of me.
	Don't make enemies of them.
	burden	a person	with	a tax.
	endow	a person	with	a fortune.	a quality.
	inspire	a person	with	courage.	enthusiasm.
	provide	a person	with	necessities
	Present	a person	with	a sward.
	entrust	a person	with	a task. A thing
	charge	a person	with	a crime. Negligence	Latin necessarius < necesse "unyielding" < cess- (see cession)]
	accommodate	a person	with	money.
	accuse	a person	with	theft.
	suspect	a person	with	a crime. Doing something.	entrust a person with a task=entrust a task to a person 임무를 …에게 위임하다
	warn	a person	with	danger. An error.
	convince	a person	with	a truth.
	persuage	a person	with	something.
	inform	a person	with	an accident.
	pave	a street	with	asphalt.	애스포 ㄹ 트
	sow	a field	with	spinach
	furnish	a house	with	tables.
	load	one's stomach	with	food
	store	one's mind	with	knowledge.
	accompany	a word	with	a jesture.
	맘이 바르고, 몸이 건강하니 이 어찌 행복하다  아니하겠는가 !
	address	a letter	to	a person.	address a letter to a person …앞으로 편지를 하다
	direct	a man	to	the post_office.	Could you direct me to the library? 도서관으로 가는 길을 알려 주시겠습니까
	announce	the fact	to	a person.	Direct this letter to his business address. 이 편지는 그의 근무처 앞으로 해 주세요.
	attach	lables	to	one's trunk
	attract	attention	to	a picture.	Empty vessels make the most sound.
	attribute	success	to	hard work. Good luck.	attribute evil motive to a person …에게 악의가 있다고 생각하다
	owe	money	to	a person.	Bitmap
					We attribute prudence to Tom. 톰에게는 분별이 있다고 생각한다.
	bring	tears	to	one's eyes.
	compare	a person	to	a monkey
	give		to
	leave	money	to	charity.
	prefer	coffee	to	tea.
	appoint	a person	to	a post	Bitmap
					She applied the dye on her hair. 그녀는 머리에 염색약을 발랐다.
	apply	heat	to	a vessel	a blood vessel 혈관
	call	one's attention	to	something	apply a plaster to a wound 상처에 고약을 바르다
	raise	a man	to	peerage	be raised on[to] the peerage 귀족이 되다
	banish	a person	from	a country.	banish a person for treason …을 반역죄로 추방하다
	borrow	a book	from	a friend.
	buy		from
	deprive	pleasure	from	books.	deprive a man of his property[life] …에게서 재산[생명]을 빼앗다
	draw	water	from	spring.
	distinguish	real pearls	from	imitation ones.	imitation n. adj.
	know	a	from	b.	imitative adj.
	free	an animal	from	a trap.
	forbid	students	from	smoking.
	prevent	a person	from	going.
	make	wine	from	grapes.
	expect	a letter	from	a person.
	turn	a person	out of	a position.
	change	caterpillars	into	butterflies.	cacoon고치
	concentrate	all your strength	into	one effort.
	admit	a person	into	an institution.
	put	a person	into	prison.
	tear	a thing	into	bits.
	blame	a person	for	doing something.
	buy	an article	for	a sum.
	condemn	a person	for	robbery	another
	subsitute	one  thing	for	another	① 형용사로 쓰일 경우 another 앞에는 the, no, any, some은 붙지 않으며, 복수 명사를 직접 수식할 때는 other를 쓴다.
	thank	you	for	your trouble.	② 대명사로 쓸 경우 another 앞에는 an, the;this, that;my, your, his 등은 붙이지 않는다.
	bereave	a person	of	his beloved ones.	사랑하는 사람들로 부터 그를 앗아가다
					bereafian "deprive, rob"
	strip	a person	of	clothes.	be bereaved[bereft] of a son 자식을 잃다
	deprive	a person	of	his freedom.	She was bereft of hearing. 그녀는 청력을 잃었다.
	clear	a person	of	suspician.headach.	Bitmap
					His death bereaved her of all her hope. 그의 죽음은 그녀의 모든 희망을 앗아갔다
	break	a person	of	bad habbits.	<사고 등이> (가족·근친을) 앗아가다 《of》
	rid	a house	of	rats.
	cure, heal	a person	of	a disease. A habbit.
	regard	a person	as	a hero
	look upon	a person	as	an authority
	recognize	a person	as	the lawful heir.
					the proper authorities=the authorities concerned 관계 당국
	describe	a person	as	a doctor.	I have no authority to settle the problem. 그 문제를 해결할 권한이 내게는 없다.
	treat	a person	as	a child.
	represent	oneself	as	an expert.	자칭하다
	condemn<물품을> (불량품으로) 결정하다, 폐기 처분을 하다	the meat	as	unfit (food for human )
	condemn	a person	for	his error [idleness]
	know	a person	for	a gentleman.
	mistake 잘못알다	one person	for	another.
	( 신체접촉)
	hold	a person	by	the hand.
	seize	a person	by	the collar.
	stare	a person	in	the face.
	strike	a person	across	the face.
	pat	a person	on	the head.
	touch	a person	on	the shoulder
	kiss	a person	on	the hand.
	( other various forms )
	found	a business	upon	a principle.
	inflict  (안좋은 것을) 주다	punishment [a loss][a wound][a blow]	on	a person.
	concentrate	one's energies	on	the study of English.
	impress	something	upon	the mind.
	spend	money	on	books.
	spend	time	in	doing something.
	distribute	food	among	persons.
	divide	things	between(among)	two(three) persons.
	throw	stones	at	a dog.
	ask	a favour	of	a person.
	demand	something	of	a person.
	expect	something	of	a person.
	beg	something	of	a person.
	build	something	of	wood.
	construct	something	of	stone
	form	something	of	clay.
	make	enemies	of	them.
	make	a fool, an ass	of	oneself.
	벌 손실 상처를 입히다. fligere "to hit"
	infligere "strike upon"
	Divide! Divide! 표결이요! 표결!
	He divided his property among[between] his four sons. 그는 재산을 네 아들에게 나누어 주었다.
	< drill >
	I bought this pen for two hundred yen.
	Will you play me at chess?
	He played a shameful trick on me.
	He sent his servant for the doctor.
	Did you inform the post office of the change of your address?
	You should not ask such question of her.
	Taking him for the well-known artist, they gave him a hearty welcome.
	The rain kept me from going out yesterday.
	My brother was robbed of his watch on his way home (to school).
	He robbed me of that watch of mine.
	S Vt + adverb  O  - patterns
	call in a doctor
	call up the police.
	find out the reason.
	put away a book.
	take off one's clothes.
	write down a note.
	sail the world round.
	read the book through.
	call him in,  대명사일 경우는 부사를 그 뒤로 보낸다.
	ask him in.
	give it away,
	bring them down.
	take one's hat off.
	put a person up for the night.
	S Vi + prepositon  O  - patterns
	wait for, laugh at, ask for, care for, listen to, call on, get off,
	account for (=explain), hear of, arrive at, speak to, treat of the subjects,
	send for, think of, look after, run over, rely on one's word. Talk of.
	He talks of going abroad.
	come from over the sea.
	creep from under the table, behind the door,
	See that the door is locked.
	That depends on (it)  how you decide.
	You may depend on it that he will never fail to do it.
	insist on ~ing.
	more things than are dreamt (thought)of,  생각보다 많은
	S  V+adverb  preposion O   pattern
	I got through with my work.
	Can't you break away from your bad habits?
	That sort of thing should be done away with. ( should be got rid of )
	I fell in with him at a hotel in Paris.
	The thief got away with the jewels.
	He has given in to my views.		give in to the demand 요구에 굴하다
	Go on with your work.
	Keep away from bad companions.
	You'd be better keep out of their quarrels.
	You must keep up with the times.
	He looked in on us. = visited
	You must make up for lost time.
	We put up at an inn for the night.
	I cannot put up with him. = tolerate
	I think much of him, = esteem
	My work was got through with.
	He cannot be put up with.
	Let others be spoken ill of.
	This practise has long been done away with. =has been abolished.
			(abolish = do away with)
			War should be abolished. 전쟁은 없어져야 한다
	S   vt   O+prep. Pattern
	No one can lose sight of that.
	Take care of yourself.		I was taken good care of.
	catch of, sight of,
	take hold of
	make use of
	find fault with
	give rise to
	seize hold of
	lay siege to		cf.	besiege 포위하다.
	pay attention to		I was paid attention to.
	부정사 동명사 참고
	that, if, whether clause 를 object로 하는 Verbs
	I feared that it might anger him.				about : refers to different sides or aspects of something
	I saw that the doctor arrived.				about face ! 뒤로 돌아!
	I hope he will come.
	Go and see if ( whether ) he's busy.
	I don't know whether to laugh or cry.
	I  don't know whether I am to laught or cry.
	I don't know whether I should laugh or cry.
	I never know whether to take what he says at face value or not.
	THINK  :	consider	fancy	expect
		guess	dream	hope
		suppose	recollect	wish
		imagine	wonder	regret
		reckon	feel	pretend
		calculate	fear	recommend
		presume	believe
	KNOW :	see	find	foget
		understand	observe	agree
		realize	discover	prove
		perceive	notice	show
		learn		remember
		hear
	SAY :	tell	teach	reply	cry
		mention	advise	repeat	shout
		state	worn	add	confess
		remark	suggest	admit	grant
		announce	hint	promise	declare
		whisper	explain	conclude
		insist
		command
	Do you think our team will win ?
	I hear he has never consulted a doctor in all his life.
	Everyone knows he is a coward.			cuard < Latin cauda "tail"
	I wish I could afford it.			cow·ard·ice   n.  겁(opp. bravery)
	He wished he had arrived a little earlier.
	He said, " I shall not fail to see you."
	He said that  he would not fail to see you.
	I feared  lest it should  anger him.  ( or  might )			일어나지 않기를 바라는 맘에서
	I feared  that it   might anger him.			일어 날 수 있다는 전제하에서
	lest : in order to prevent something (especially causing fear) happening
	lest :"by which less that"
	but that : ------  (=that~not)
	2중 부정형식을 피하려고 but를 쓴다.
	[ 부정의 주절 중의 so 또는 such와 상관적으로]
	No man is so old but that he may learn.  《=No man is too old to learn.》
	He is not such a fool but he can tell that. 《=He is not such a fool that he cannot tell that.》
	[ 부정의 주절에 대하여 조건절을 이끌어]
	It never rains but it pours. 엎친 데 덮친다.
	Scarcely a day passed but I met her. 《Hardly a day passed without my meeting her.쪽이 일반적임》
	[ 부정문 또는 의문문에 쓰인 doubt, deny, question, wonder 등의 뒤]
	I don’t doubt [There is no doubt ] but (that) you will achieve it. 당신이 그것을 해낼 것을 의심치 않는다.
	There was no question but that heart failure had caused his death. 심장마비가 그의 죽음의 원인인 것은 의심의 여지가 없다. 《★ but에 선행하는 동사[명사]는 언제나 부정적 의미를 갖는 것에 주의》
	[종종 but that [《구어》 what]로 부정·수사의문에 쓰인 expect, fear, say, know, believe, be sure 등의 뒤] (that ... Not)
	Never fear but I’ll go. 반드시 갈 것이니까 염려 마라.
	Who knows but that he may be right? 어쩌면 그가 옳을지도 모른다 《옳지 않다는 것을 누가 알 것인가?》
	All but he are present. 그를 제외하고는 모두 참석하였다.
	Nobody but she knew it. 그녀 외에는 아무도 그것을 몰랐다
	Heavens, but it rains! 이런, 비가 오잖아!
	Who doubted that that catastorophe was over ?			katastrephein "overturn" < strephein "turn" : 뒤엎어짐, disaster
	Who doubted but  that catastorophe was over ?
	I don't deny that it is all true.		참이다
	I don't deny but  it is all true.		참이 아니다
	They said that he was rich.
		It was said that he was rich ( by them).
		He was said to be rich (by them).
	They say that he was rich.
		It is said that he have been rich.
		He is said to have been rich.
	v prep+ it that :	prep + the fact that
	I congratulate on it that you have succeeded.
	I insist on it that you shall be there.
	I don't wonder at it that you are surprised.
	Rely on it that I shall come.
	Depend upon it that I shall come.
	See to it that no harms come to the children.
	Take care of it that no harms come to the children.
	I can answer for it that the strictest economy shall be observed.
	I can assure of it that the strictest economy shall be observed.
	I had it (heard) from miss Smith that you had gone to the country.
	Rumour has it ( there is a rumour ) that he is going to give up the present position.
	The proverb puts it ( the proverb says ) that it never smokes but there's a fire.
	I desire that she come back.
	I order that her trunks should be placed in my car.
	They demended that the meeting be postponed.
	I wish I were here.
	I wish I had known him.
	He wished he had arrived a little earlier.
	I wish I may live to see it.
	I wish you would send the money tomorrow.
	drill
	I grieved that I shall no longer see him.
	I wish I should speak English as well as you.
	I wish you would succeed.
	I wish you may succeed.
	Interrogative or Relative clause 를 object로 하는 Verbs
	know	think	wonder	say	ask
	understand	consider	marvel	inform	demand
	see	imagine	feel	notice
	realize	suppose		suggest	의문문, 부정문에서
	learn	doubt		tell	care
	hear			advise	mind
	discover
	We did not know who the traveller was.
	I know which way was the shortest.
	I wondered when he will arrive.
	I have forgotten how to do it.
	You may take whichever you like.
	We don't know whether to laugh or cry.
	I am thinking of what to do next.
	He hesitated (as to )what to reply.
	We are at a loss ( as to ) what to do.
	They could not agree as to whom to choose.
	He asked who I was. = He asked, " who are you?"
	간접의문문에서 동사 think, believe, guess..... 등의 단어들은 yes / no 로 대답할 수 없기에 의문사가 앞에 온다.
	Do you know who he is? (O)
	Do you think where he goes? (X)
	Where do you think he goes?(O)
	( Do you know.  의문사 do you think )
	Do you know what is that ?			What do you think is that ?
				Who do you think is the mayor of that town ?
	Do you know who he is ? 인칭대명사			Who do you think(suppose) he is ? 인칭대명사
	I did not know who she was .			Who do you suppose that I am ?
	Do you know what kind of occupation he has ?			of = about
	Do you know when he will start ?			what do you think of him ?
				What do you think of this flower ?
	( what )			How do you like this flower ?
	I believe what ( that which ) he said.
	I told them what I had told him.			what do you think (of/about) ?  어떻게 생각해? 의견을 물음.
	Do you know what he said ?			what are you thinking about? 무엇에 대하여  잠기고 있나?
	He is not what he used to be.
	I did what (little) I could.
	Use what powers you have.
	S  V  O(Gerund) pattern
	mind	I don't mind going.
		I don't mind his leaving.
		Do you mind my smoking ?
		Would you mind holding your tongue ?
	enjoy	I enjoy playing tennis.
	( 부정사 동명사를 취하는 동사 참조 )
	부정사 또는 동명사를 쓸경우 뜻이  다른 경우
	He stopped smoking.			I remember going.
	He stopped to smoke.			I remember to go.
	I couldn't help laughing at him.			I forget going.
	I help him to edit the magazine.			I forget to go.
	I regret being unable to come. 유감이나. 과거.
	I regret to say that Mr.Dyke has  died. 현재
	I regret to hear that he has failed.
	다음은 부정사 또는 동명사를 써도 뜻이 같다.
	When did you begin learning / to learn English ?
	I hate troubling / to trouble you.
	She loves having / to have a lot of dogs round her.
	What do you intend doing / to do today ?
	He started crying / to cry.
	She likes  swimming / to swim.
	These clothes want washing / to be washed .
	It will need doing / to be done.
	The house wants mending(=being mended).
	( Gerund's sense subject )		소유격 목적격 다 쓰임.
	I do not doubt your being able to do it.
	I appreciate your offering to help me.
	You can imagine him playing golf.
	I saw him coming.
	cf. He being ill, I had to go alone.		주격이 쓰일 경우.
	S  V  O1  o2  pattern
	나는 이를 3 형식으로 본다, 목적물의 귀속처는 앞에 to, for를 사용하나 동사 바로 뒤에 올때는 생략한다.
	GIVE =>  award, grant, offer, hand, pay, pass, sell, lease, leave, lend, bring, fetch, send, pledge, tell, teach, show, write, restore, return, read, promise, throw, toss, yield, assign, bequeath, insure, guarantee, afford, allow.
	MAKE => buy, build, leave, get, order, ask, play, set, sing, read, do.
	COST => forgive, pardon, envy, answer, strike, save, deny, spare, wish, cause, reach, take,
	The hat cost me 1000 won.
	I cannot lend them you.
	She bequeathed no small sum of money to him.=She bequeathed him no small sum of money. 그녀는 그에게 적지 않은 돈을 유산으로 남겼다.
	I can refuse him nothing.
	it took me 3 years to complete it.
	It cost him a great deal of trouble.
	It spared me much trouble. Much trouble was spared me, I was spared much trouble.
	The government granted me a pension. A pension was granted me. I was granted a pension.
	I strike him a heavy blow, He was struck a heavy blow. ( ? A heavy blow was struck him.)
	I envy you your skill. You are envied your skill. ( ? Your skill is envied you.)
	Answer me this question. I was answered nothing. ( ? Nothing was answered me.)
	Forgive me my sins. I was forgiven my sins. ( ? My sins were forgiven me.)
	참고 : tell me, teach me. Infotm me, warn me, remind me, satisfy me, ask me.
	S  V  O  C    pattern
	SEE , find, discover, know, acknowledge, grant, feel.
	THINK, believe, consider, reckon, esteem, hold, conclude,
	IMAGINE, suppose, fancy,
	WISH, want, like,
	DECLARE, call, pronouce,
	NAME, appoint, proclaim, nominate, nickname, elect, choose, crown,
	PROVE, approve, show,
	KEEP, hold, have,
	LEAVE, let, lay, put, set, make, render, get, turn, drive, strike, open,
	The sun keeps us warm.
	They elected him president.
	You have made me what I am.
	Let him alone to do it.
	It's unwise to let a madam loose,
	Why didn't you set her right ?
	The cold  weather has turned lthe eaves red.
	What color shall I paint the door ?
	Paint the door a green color.
	I always thought her rather a cold temperament.
	He acknowledged it to be true.		He acknowledged that it was true.
	He acknowledged it as true.
	I regard this opinion of little value.
	*** en, em 을  adjective, noun 앞이나 뒤에 붙어 만드는 동사
	enable, enrich, enslave, enfeeble,
	embitter,
	darken, harden, soften, shorten, widen, deepen, moisten, sweeten,
	S  V  O  C( TO infinive )  pattern
	get, cause,enable, allow,
	find, fancy, imagine, suppose, remember, order, command, tell, wish, want, propose, think, know, report, believe, declare, expect, regard, consider, prove, judge, suspect,
	I believe him to be honest.
	Don't allow any mistake to be passed unnoticed !
	Will you allow me to use your pen ?
	The rain compelled us to stop playing.
	The rain  caused the river to overflow.
	We cannot imagine him to have saved much money.
	They want you to come, You are wanted to come.  It is wanted that you should come.
	S  V  O  C( ROOT infinive )  pattern
	LET, MAKE, HAVE, BID, (HELP) 5개
	HEAR ; SEE, BEHOLD,WATCH, NOTICE, OBSERVE ; SMELL ; PERCEIVE, FEEL,
	Let him do so. = Allow him to do so.
	I made him run.
	One man may lead the horse to the water, but cannot make him drink.
	I will have some one come, = I will get some one come.
	I will have my servant go. = I will make my servant go.
	Bid him go ! = Tell him to go !
	He bade me follow him. I was bidden to follow him.
	I heard him say so.
	I saw him go.
	I was watching the crows fly home to roost.
	I did not observed him leave the room.
	I saw him run. He was seen to run.
	I made him go. He was made to go.
	I thought it was he. = I thought it to be him.  It was thought to be he.
	S  V  O  C( participle )  pattern
	I saw a dog running.
	He kept me waiting.
	I had my watch mended.
	I saw him strike the horse. ( just once )
	I saw him striking the horse. ( continuously )
	I saw the work done. = The work was done, when I saw it.
	S  V  O  C( adverb )  pattern
	I saw him asleep.
	He left the door ajar.
	Leave him alone.
	I have day off.
	I found him in.
	I found him there.
	I found everything in good condition.
	2006-04-09  일고영어 특강 정리 완료
	편집하였슴.