House of Bourbon
| House of Bourbon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country | France, Italy, Navarre, Spain,Luxembourg |
| Parent house | Capetian Dynasty |
| Titles | |
| Founded | 1268 |
| Founder | Robert, Count of Clermont, the sixth son of King Louis IX of France, married Beatrix of Bourbon |
| Final ruler | France and Navarre: Charles X(1824-1830) Of the French: Louis-Philippe I(1830–1848) Parma: Roberto I (1854–1859) Two Sicilies: Francis II (1859–1861) |
| Current head | Louis Alphonse (Louis XX) |
| Deposition | France and Navarre: 1830: July Revolution 1859: Annexation by Kingdom of Sardinia Two Sicilies: 1861: Italian unification |
| Ethnicity | French, Spanish, Italian (In Parmaand the Two Sicilies),Luxembourger |
| Cadet branches | |
The House of Bourbon (English /ˈbɔrbən/; French: [buʁˈbɔ̃]) is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty (/kəˈpiːʃⁱən/). Bourbon kings first ruledNavarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma. Spain and Luxembourgcurrently have Bourbon monarchs.
The royal Bourbons originated in 1268, when the heiress of the lordship of Bourbon married a younger son of King Louis IX.[1] The house continued for three centuries as a cadet branch, while more senior Capetians ruled France, until Henry IV became the first Bourbon king of France in 1589.[1] Bourbon monarchs then unified France with the small kingdom of Navarre, which Henry's father had gained by marriage in 1555, and ruled until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the First French Empire, the senior line of the Bourbons was finally overthrown in the July Revolution of 1830. A cadet branch, the House of Orléans, then ruled for 18 years (1830–1848), until it too was overthrown.
The Princes of Condé were a cadet branch of the Bourbons descended from an uncle of Henry IV, and the Princes of Conti were a cadet branch of the Condé. Both houses were prominent French nobles until their respective extinctions in 1830 and 1814.
When the Bourbons inherited the strongest claim to the Spanish throne, the claim was passed to a cadet who became Philip V of Spain.[1] The strict separation of the French and Spanish thrones was formalized in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1714, and similar arrangements later kept the Spanish throne separate from those of the Two Sicilies and Parma. The Spanish Bourbons (rendered in Spanish as Borbones [borˈβones], sing. Borbón [borˈβon]) have been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700–1808, 1813–1868, 1875–1931, and from 1975 to the present day. Bourbons ruled in Naples from 1734–1806 and inSicily from 1734–1816, and in a unified Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1816–1860. They also ruled in Parma from 1731–1735, 1748–1802 and 1847–1859.
Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg married a cadet of the Parmese line and thus her successors, who have ruled Luxembourg since her abdication in 1964, have also been members of the House of Bourbon. Princess Isabel, heiress and regent of the Empire of Brazil, married a cadet of the Orléans line and thus their descendants, known as theOrléans-Braganza, would have ascended to that throne had the empire not ended in 1889.
All members of the House of Bourbon and its cadet branches alive today are direct agnatic descendants of Henry IV
List of Bourbon rulers[edit]
France[edit]
Monarchs of France[edit]
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
- Henry IV, the Great (1589–1610)
- Louis XIII, the Just (1610–1643)
- Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643–1715)
- Louis XV, the Well-Beloved (1715–1774)
- Louis XVI (1774–1792)
Claimants to the throne of France[edit]
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
- Louis XVI (1792–1793)
- Louis XVII (1793–1795)
- Louis XVIII (1795–1814)
Monarchs of France[edit]
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
- Louis XVIII (1814–1824)
- Charles X (1824–1830)
- Louis-Philippe (House of Bourbon-Orléans) (1830–1848)
Legitimist claimants in France[edit]
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
- Charles X (1830–1836)
- Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême (Louis XIX) (1836–1844)
- Henri, Count of Chambord (Henri V) (1844–1883)
Legitimist claimants in France (Spanish branch)[edit]
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
- Juan, Count of Montizón (Jean III) (1883–1887)
- Carlos, Duke of Madrid (Charles XI) (1887–1903)
- Jaime, Duke of Anjou and Madrid (Jacques I) (1903–1931)
- Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime (Charles XII)(1931–1936)
- Alfonso XIII of Spain (Alphonse I) (1936–1941) (did not claim the Throne of France[6])
- Jaime, Duke of Segovia (Jacques II / Henri VI) (1941–1975)
- Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (Alphonse II) (1975–1989)
- Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou (Louis XX) (1989–present)
Orléanist and Unionist claimants in France[edit]
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
- Prince Philippe, Count of Paris (Philippe VII) (1883–1894)
- Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (Philippe VIII) (1894–1926)
- Prince Jean, Duke of Guise (Jean III) (1926–1940)
- Prince Henri, Count of Paris (Henry VI) (1940–1999)
- Prince Henri, Count of Paris (Henry VII) (1999 – Present)
Bourbon Spain|Kingdom of Spain[edit]
Monarchs of Spain[edit]
Dates indicate seniority, not lifetimes. Where reign as king or queen of Spain is different, this is noted.
- Philip V (1700–1746) [abdicated 1724, resumed throne on death of son]
- Louis I [King 1724; ruled less than one year]
- Ferdinand VI (1746–1759)
- Charles III (1759–1788)
- Charles IV (1788–1808)
- Ferdinand VII, El Deseado (1808–1833) [King 1808, 1813–1833]
- Isabella II (1833–1870) [Queen 1833–1868]
- Alfonso XII (1870–1885) [King 1874–1885]
- Alfonso XIII (1886–1941) [King 1886–1931]
- Juan, Count of Barcelona (1941–1977) [did not become King]
- Juan Carlos I (1977–2014) [King 1975–2014]
- Felipe VI (2014–present) [King 2014–present]
"Carlist" claimants in Spain[edit]
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
- Infante Carlos, Count of Molina (Carlos V) (1833–1845)
- Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin (Carlos VI) (1845–1861)
- Juan, Count of Montizón (Juan II) (1861–1868)
- Carlos, Duke of Madrid (Carlos VII) (1868–1909)
- Jaime, Duke of Madrid (Jaime III) (1909–1931)
- Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime (Alfonso Carlos I) (1931–1936)
- Xavier, Duke of Parma (Xavier I) (1936–1952–1977)
- Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma (Carlos Hugo I) (1977–1979)
- Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma (Sixto Enrique I) (1979–present)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[edit]
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg[edit]
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
Other significant Bourbon titles[edit]
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