OpenDocument
| OpenDocument Format |
|---|
 | |
| Filename extension | .odt, .fodt |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | application/vnd. |
| Uniform Type Identifier | org.oasis. opendocument.text[1] |
| UTI conforms to | org.oasis-open.opendocument, public.composite-content |
| Developed by | OASIS |
| Initial release | 1 May 2005 (2005-05-01) |
| Latest release | 1.2 / 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29) |
| Type of format | Document file format |
| Extended from | XML |
| Standard(s) | OASIS OpenDocument Format, ISO/IEC 26300:2006 |
| Open format? | Yes |
| Website | OASIS, ISO/IEC |
 | |
| Filename extension | .odp, .fodp |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | application/vnd. |
| Uniform Type Identifier | org.oasis. opendocument. presentation[1] |
| UTI conforms to | org.oasis-open.opendocument, public.composite-content |
| Developed by | OASIS |
| Initial release | May 1, 2005 (2005-05-01) |
| Latest release | 1.2 / 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29) |
| Type of format | Presentation |
| Extended from | XML |
| Standard(s) | OASIS OpenDocument Format, ISO/IEC 26300:2006 |
| Open format? | Yes |
 | |
| Filename extension | .ods, .fods |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | application/vnd. |
| Uniform Type Identifier | org.oasis. opendocument. spreadsheet[1] |
| UTI conforms to | org.oasis-open.opendocument, public.composite-content |
| Developed by | OASIS |
| Initial release | May 1, 2005 (2005-05-01) |
| Latest release | 1.2 / 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29) |
| Type of format | Spreadsheet |
| Extended from | XML |
| Standard(s) | OASIS OpenDocument Format, ISO/IEC 26300:2006 |
| Open format? | Yes |
 | |
| Filename extension | .odg, .fodg |
|---|---|
| Internet media type | application/vnd. |
| Uniform Type Identifier | org.oasis. opendocument. graphics[1] |
| UTI conforms to | org.oasis-open.opendocument, public.composite-content |
| Developed by | OASIS |
| Initial release | May 1, 2005 (2005-05-01) |
| Latest release | 1.2 / 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29) |
| Type of format | Graphics file format |
| Extended from | XML |
| Standard(s) | OASIS OpenDocument Format, ISO/IEC 26300:2006 |
| Open format? | Yes |
The Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), also known as OpenDocument (OD), is an XML-based file format for spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. It was developed with the aim of providing a universal document format that could be used with any office software suite.[citation needed]
The standard was developed by a technical committee in the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) consortium.[2] The specifications were originally developed by Sun Microsystems as an XML format for OpenOffice.org office suite.
In addition to being an OASIS standard, version 1.1 is published as an ISO/IEC international standard, ISO/IEC 26300:2006/Amd 1:2012 - Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.1.[3][4]
The most common filename extensions used for OpenDocument documents are:[5][6]
.odtand.fodtfor word processing (text) documents.odsand.fodsfor spreadsheets.odpand.fodpfor presentations.odbfor databases.odgand.fodgfor graphics.odffor formulae, mathematical equations
The original OpenDocument format consists of an XML document that has <document> as its
root element. OpenDocument
files can also take the format of a ZIP compressed
archive containing a number of files and directories; these can contain binary
content and benefit from ZIP's lossless compression to reduce file size.
OpenDocument benefits from separation of concerns by separating the
content, styles, metadata, and application settings into four separate XML
files.
There is a comprehensive set of example documents in OpenDocument format available.[7] The whole test suite is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license.
[edit] Standardization
The OpenDocument standard was developed by a Technical Committee (TC) under the OASIS industry consortium. The ODF-TC has members from a diverse set of companies and individuals. Active TC members have voting rights. Members associated with Sun and IBM have sometimes had a large voting influence.[8] The standardization process involved the developers of many office suites or related document systems. The first official ODF-TC meeting to discuss the standard was December 16, 2002; OASIS approved OpenDocument as an OASIS Standard on May 1, 2005. OASIS submitted the ODF specification to ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC1) on November 16, 2005, under Publicly Available Specification (PAS) rules.
After a six-month review period, on May 3, 2006, OpenDocument unanimously passed its six-month DIS (Draft International Standard) ballot in JTC 1 (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34), with broad participation,[9] after which the OpenDocument specification was "approved for release as an ISO and IEC International Standard" under the name ISO/IEC 26300:2006.[10]
After responding to all written ballot comments, and a 30-day default ballot, the OpenDocument International standard went to publication in ISO, officially published November 30, 2006.
Further standardization work with OpenDocument includes:
- The OASIS Committee Specification OpenDocument 1.0 (second edition) corresponds to the published ISO/IEC 26300:2006 standard. The content of ISO/IEC 26300 and OASIS OpenDocument v1.0 2nd ed. is identical.[11] It includes the editorial changes made to address JTC1 ballot comments. It is available in ODF, HTML and PDF formats.
- OpenDocument 1.1 includes additional features to address accessibility concerns.[12] It was approved as an OASIS Standard on 2007-02-01 following a call for vote issued on 2007-01-16.[13] The public announcement was made on 2007-02-13.[14] This version was not initially submitted to ISO/IEC, because it is considered to be a minor update to ODF 1.0 only, and OASIS were working already on ODF 1.2 at the time ODF 1.1 was approved.[15] However it was later submitted to ISO/IEC (as of March 2011, it was in "enquiry stage" as Draft Amendment 1 - ISO/IEC 26300:2006/DAM 1) and published in March 2012 as ISO/IEC 26300:2006/Amd 1:2012 - Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.1.[3][4]
- OpenDocument 1.2 was approved as an OASIS Committee Specification on 2011-03-17 and as an OASIS Standard on 2011-09-29.[16][17][18] It includes additional accessibility features, RDF-based metadata,[19] a spreadsheet formula specification based on OpenFormula,[19] support for digital signatures and some features suggested by the public. In October 2011, the OASIS ODF Technical Committee expected to "start the process of submitting ODF 1.2 to ISO/IEC JTC 1 soon".[17] In May 2012, the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34/WG 6 members reported that after some delay, the process of preparing ODF 1.2 for submission to JTC 1 for PAS transposition is now in progress.[20]
[edit] Application support
[edit] Software
The OpenDocument format is used in free software and in proprietary software. This includes office suites (both stand-alone and web-based) and individual applications such as word-processors, spreadsheets, presentation, and data management applications. Prominent office suites supporting OpenDocument fully or partially include:
- AbiWord[21][22]
- Adobe Buzzword[23]
- Apache OpenOffice (was OpenOffice.org)[19]
- Atlantis Word Processor[24]
- Calligra Suite[25]
- Corel WordPerfect Office X4[26]
- Evince
- Google Drive (was Google Docs)[27]
- Gnumeric[28]
- IBM Lotus Symphony[19][29][30]
- Inkscape exports .odg
- KOffice[31]
- LibreOffice[19]
- Microsoft Office 2007 (from service pack 2 release)[32]
- Microsoft Office 2010
- Microsoft SkyDrive / Office Web Apps[33]
- NeoOffice
- Okular
- Scribus imports .odt and .odg
- SoftMaker Office
- Sun Microsystems StarOffice
- WordPad 6.1 (Windows 7) partial support.
- Zoho Office Suite[19]
Various organizations have announced development of conversion software (including plugins and filters) to support OpenDocument on Microsoft's products.[34][35] As of July 2007[update], there are nine packages of conversion software. Microsoft first released support for the OpenDocument Format in Office 2007 SP2.[36] However, the implementation faced substantial criticism and the ODF Alliance and others claimed that the third party plugins provided better support.[37] Microsoft Office 2010 can open and save OpenDocument Format documents natively, although not all features are fully supported.[38]
Mac OS X 10.5 offers both a new TextEdit version and Quick Look feature supporting the OpenDocument Text format (albeit with some formatting loss).[clarification needed]
[edit] Accessibility
The specification of OpenDocument has undergone an accessibility review, and a few additions were made to version 1.1 of the specification to improve accessibility. Many of the components it is built on, such as Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language and Scalable Vector Graphics, have already gone through the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Accessibility Initiative processes.
[edit] Licensing
[edit] Public access to the standard
Versions of the OpenDocument Format approved by OASIS are available for free download and use.[39] The ITTF has added ISO/IEC 26300 to its "list of freely available standards"; anyone may download and use this standard free-of-charge under the terms of a click-through license.[40]
[edit] Additional royalty-free licensing
Obligated members of the OASIS ODF TC have agreed to make deliverables available to implementors under the OASIS Royalty Free with Limited Terms policy.
Key contributor Sun Microsystems made an irrevocable intellectual property covenant, providing all implementers with the guarantee that Sun will not seek to enforce any of its enforceable U.S. or foreign patents against any implementation of the OpenDocument specification in which development Sun participates to the point of incurring an obligation.[41]
A second contributor to ODF development, IBM — which, for instance, has contributed Lotus spreadsheet documentation[42] — has made their patent rights available through their Interoperability Specifications Pledge in which "IBM irrevocably covenants to you that it will not assert any Necessary Claims against you for your making, using, importing, selling, or offering for sale Covered Implementations."[43]
The Software Freedom Law Center has examined whether there are any legal barriers to the use of the OpenDocument Format (ODF) in free and open source software arising from the standardization process. In their opinion ODF is free of legal encumbrances that would prevent its use in free and open source software, as distributed under licenses authored by Apache and the FSF.
[edit] Response
[edit] Support for OpenDocument
Several governments, companies, organizations and software products support the OpenDocument format. For example:
- Information technology companies like Apple Inc., Adobe Systems, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia, Novell, Red Hat, Oracle as well as other companies who may or may not be working inside the OASIS OpenDocument Adoption Technical Committee.
- Over 600 companies and organizations promote OpenDocument format through The OpenDocument Format Alliance.[44]
- NATO with its 26 members uses ODF as a mandatory standard for all members.[45]
- The TAC (Telematics between Administrations Committee), composed of e-government policy-makers from the 25 European Union Member States, endorsed a set of recommendations for promoting the use of open document formats in the public sector.[46]
- The free office suites Apache OpenOffice, LibreOffice, Calligra and KOffice all promote the OpenDocument Format, as it is used as their default file format.
- Several organisations, such as the OpenDocument Fellowship and OpenDoc Society were founded to support and promote OpenDocument.
- In December 2007, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that by mid 2008 MediaWiki, which powers Wikipedia and a number of other Internet wiki-based sites, will provide OpenDocument export of wiki content.[47]
On November 4, 2005, IBM and Sun Microsystems convened the "OpenDocument (ODF) Summit" in Armonk, New York, to discuss how to boost OpenDocument adoption. The ODF Summit brought together representatives from several industry groups and technology companies, including Oracle, Google, Adobe, Novell, Red Hat, Computer Associates, Corel, Nokia, Intel, and Linux e-mail company Scalix. (LaMonica, November 10, 2005). The providers committed resources to technically improve OpenDocument through existing standards bodies and to promote its usage in the marketplace, possibly through a stand-alone foundation.[48] Scholars have suggested that the "OpenDocument standard is the wedge that can hold open the door for competition, particularly with regard to the specific concerns of the public sector."[49] Indeed, adoption by the public sector has risen considerably since the promulgation of the OpenDocument format initiated the 2005/2006 time period.[49]
[edit] Criticism
- Different applications using ODF as a standard document format have different methods of providing macro/scripting capabilities. There is no macro language specified in ODF. Users and developers differ on whether inclusion of a standard scripting language would be desirable.[50]
- The ODF specification for tracked changes is limited and does not fully specify all cases, resulting in implementation-specific behaviors.[51] In addition, OpenDocument does not support change tracking in elements like tables or MathML.[52]
- It is not permitted to use generic ODF formatting style elements (like font information) for the MathML elements.[52]
[edit] Worldwide adoption
One objective of open formats like OpenDocument is to guarantee long-term access to data without legal or technical barriers, and some governments have come to view open formats as a public policy issue. Several governments around the world have introduced policies of partial or complete adoption.[49] What this means varies from case to case; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard has a national standard identifier; in some cases, it means that the ODF standard is permitted to be used where national regulation says that non-proprietary formats must be used, and in still other cases, it means that some government body has actually decided that ODF will be used in some specific context. The following is an incomplete list
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