Lady Justice

Lady Justice

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"Lady Justice" or "Lord Justice" is also the title of judges on the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.

Lady Justice

Lady Justice (Iustitia, the Roman Goddess of Justice and sometimes, simply "Justice") is an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems.^[1][2]

Contents [hide] 1 Depiction 2 Blindfold 3 Justice in sculpture 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Depiction

Since the Renaissance, Justitia has frequently been depicted as a matron carrying a sword and measuring balances, and sometimes wearing a blindfold. Her modern iconography, which frequently adorns courthouses and courtrooms, conflates the attributes of several goddesses who embodied Right Rule for Greeks and Romans, blending Roman blindfolded Fortuna (luck) with Hellenistic Greek Tyche (fate), and sword-carrying Nemesis (vengeance).

Justitia's attributes parallel those of the Hellenic deities Themis and Dike. Themis was the embodiment of divine order, law, and custom, in her aspect as the personification of the divine rightness of law. However, the mythological connection is not a direct one. A more appropriate comparison is Themis' daughter Dike, who was imagined carrying scales:

"If some god had been holding level the balance of Dike"

is an image in a surviving fragment of Bacchylides's poetry.

Justitia is most often depicted with a set of weighing scales typically suspended from her left hand, upon which she measures the strengths of a case's support and opposition. She is also often seen carrying a double-edged sword in her right hand, symbolizing the power of Reason and Justice, which may be wielded either for or against any party.

[edit] Blindfold

As stated above, Lady Justice is often depicted wearing a blindfold. This is done in order to indicate that justice is (or should be) meted out objectively, without fear or favor, regardless of identity, power, or weakness: blind justice and blind impartiality. The earliest Roman coins depicted Justitia with the sword in one hand and the scale in the other, but with her eyes uncovered.^[3] Justitia was only commonly represented as "blind" since about the end of the fifteenth century. The first known representation of blind Justice is Hans Gieng's 1543 statue on the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Fountain of Justice) in Berne.^[4]

The blindfold raises some common questions:

Do you want to blindfold someone with a sword?....And how is she supposed to read the scales if she is blind? This troubled early representers of Justice; some thus gave her two faces like Janus, with the side bearing the sword prudently left unblindfolded.^[5]

Instead of using the Janus approach, many sculptures simply leave out the blindfold altogether. For example, atop the Old Bailey courthouse in London, a statue of Lady Justice stands without a blindfold;^[6] the courthouse brochures explain that this is because Lady Justice was originally not blindfolded, and because her “maidenly form” is supposed to guarantee her impartiality which renders the blindfold redundant.^[7] Another solution to the conundrum is to depict a blindfolded Lady Justice as a human scale, weighing competing claims in each hand; this is done, for example, at the Shelby County Courthouse in Memphis, Tennessee.^[8]

[edit] Justice in sculpture

Blind Lady Justice Bronze statue was created to commemorate The 225th Anniversary of American Justice. A Limited Edition of 1776.	Lady Justice unknown sculptor	Themis, Chuo University, Tama-shi,Japan	Themis, Chuo University Suginami high school, Suginami-ku, Japan
The Law, by Jean Feuchère	Shelby County Courthouse, Memphis, Tennessee, USA	Lady Justice depicted with sword, scales and blindfold. Sculpture of 1543 by Hans Gieng on the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen in Berne, Switzerland.	This 19th-century sculpture of the Power of Law at Olomouc, Czech Republic, lacks the blindfold and scales of Justice, replacing the latter with a book.
Sculpture of Lady Justice on the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen in Frankfurt, Germany.	Statue of Justice outside the Supreme Court of Canada.	Justitia, unknown sculptor, possibly "Mayer".	The Central Criminal Court or Old Bailey, London, UK
Themis, Itojyuku, Shibuya-ku, Japan			Themis image of 1890's
Themis image of 1920's	Australia