일고특강
S Vt O - patterns
The child slept a sound sleep.
He did not attend school.
She accosted me.
They opposed his plan.
He obeyed his parents.
The house faces the lake.
I followed the porter.
They approached the lady.
He accompanyed his uncle.
His act deserved the praise.
I consulted the doctor.
A sweet perfume pervaded the air.
Many people inhibit the island.
this dress becomes her well.
this coat fits you well.
( V,I. cognate Object ) agnate 남계친족(의)
He laughed a scornful laugh. cognate 여계친족(의)
He sighed a deep sigh.
He lived a happy life.
He died a miserable death.
The king lived a life of an exile.
Such a life she lived.
I dreamed a curious dream.
He has come a long way.
It blew a gale.
Let's run a race. run a mile.
( V,T. cognate Object )
They fought a good fight.
He breathed a deep breath.
The blacksmith struck a mighty stroke.
He has breathed his last (breath).
We shouted our loudest ( shout ).
OBJECT modified by adjective clause.
You may take whichever book you like.
You may mary ( the person ) whom you like.
I don't know ( the time ) when he will come.
I will give what help I can.
OBJECT modified by Infinitive
I have much to do.
I have enough to eat.
I don't know her to speak to.
What have I to do with the matter ? pudere "feel ashamed"]
He had the impudence to say so.
She had the impudence(=was impudent ) to answer her teacher back.
She was shamed before the whole school.
Will you have the goodness to show me the way ?
Take care not to break it.
She smiled her thanks. He smiled his consent.
S V O + adverbial phrase (prep,+noun)
He planted the garden with flowers.
He reminds me of his father.
Add 5 to 7.
He absented himself from school.
The river divides the city into 2 parts.
He asked me for some money.
They robbed a bank of $ 10000.
We employed her as a cook.
She caught me by the arm.
They took me for him.
I congratulate you on passing the examination.
I gave the maney to her.
She asked my opinion of me.
Don't make enemies of them.
burden a person with a tax.
endow a person with a fortune. a quality.
inspire a person with courage. enthusiasm.
provide a person with necessities
Present a person with a sward.
entrust a person with a task. A thing
charge a person with a crime. Negligence Latin necessarius < necesse "unyielding" < cess- (see cession)]
accommodate a person with money.
accuse a person with theft.
suspect a person with a crime. Doing something. entrust a person with a task=entrust a task to a person 임무를 …에게 위임하다
warn a person with danger. An error.
convince a person with a truth.
persuage a person with something.
inform a person with an accident.
pave a street with asphalt. 애스포 ㄹ 트
sow a field with spinach
furnish a house with tables.
load one's stomach with food
store one's mind with knowledge.
accompany a word with a jesture.
맘이 바르고, 몸이 건강하니 이 어찌 행복하다 아니하겠는가 !
address a letter to a person. address a letter to a person …앞으로 편지를 하다
direct a man to the post_office. Could you direct me to the library? 도서관으로 가는 길을 알려 주시겠습니까
announce the fact to a person. Direct this letter to his business address. 이 편지는 그의 근무처 앞으로 해 주세요.
attach lables to one's trunk
attract attention to a picture. Empty vessels make the most sound.
attribute success to hard work. Good luck. attribute evil motive to a person …에게 악의가 있다고 생각하다
owe money to a person. Bitmap
We attribute prudence to Tom. 톰에게는 분별이 있다고 생각한다.
bring tears to one's eyes.
compare a person to a monkey
give to
leave money to charity.
prefer coffee to tea.
appoint a person to a post Bitmap
She applied the dye on her hair. 그녀는 머리에 염색약을 발랐다.
apply heat to a vessel a blood vessel 혈관
call one's attention to something apply a plaster to a wound 상처에 고약을 바르다
raise a man to peerage be raised on[to] the peerage 귀족이 되다
banish a person from a contry. banish a person for treason …을 반역죄로 추방하다
borrow a book from a friend.
buy from
deprive pleasure from books. deprive a man of his property[life] …에게서 재산[생명]을 빼앗다
draw water from spring.
distinguish real pearls from imitation ones. imitation n. adj.
know a from b. imitative adj.
free an animal from a trap.
forbid students from smoking.
prevent a person from going.
make wine from grapes.
expect a letter from a person.
turn a person out of a position.
change caterpillars into butterflies. cacoon고치
concentrate all your strength into one effort.
admit a person into an institution.
put a person into prison.
tear a thing into bits.
blame a person for doing something.
buy an article for a sum.
condemn a person for robbery another
subsitute one thing for another ① 형용사로 쓰일 경우 another 앞에는 the, no, any, some은 붙지 않으며, 복수 명사를 직접 수식할 때는 other를 쓴다.
thank you for your trouble. ② 대명사로 쓸 경우 another 앞에는 an, the;this, that;my, your, his 등은 붙이지 않는다.
bereave a person of his beloved ones. 그로부터 사랑하는 사람들을 앗아가다
bereafian "deprive, rob"
strip a person of clothes. be bereaved[bereft] of a son 자식을 잃다
deprive a person of his freedom. She was bereft of hearing. 그녀는 청력을 잃었다.
clear a person of suspician.headach. Bitmap
His death bereaved her of all her hope. 그의 죽음은 그녀의 모든 희망을 앗아갔다
break a person of bad habbits. <사고 등이> (가족·근친을) 앗아가다 《of》
rid a house of rats.
cure, heal a person of a disease. A habbit.
regard a person as a hero
look upon 관찰하다 a person as an authority 부여받은 권한자로서
recognize a person as the lawful heir. Bitmap
the proper authorities=the authorities concerned 관계 당국
describe a person as a doctor. I have no authority to settle the problem. 그 문제를 해결할 권한이 내게는 없다.
treat a person as a child.
represent oneself as an expert.
condemn<물품을> (불량품으로) 결정하다, 폐기 처분을 하다 the meat as unfit (food for human )
condemn a person for his error [idleness]
know a person for a gentleman.
mistake 잘못알다 one person for another.
( 신체접촉)
hold a person by the hand.
seize a person by the collar.
stare a person in the face.
strike a person across the face.
pat a person on the head.
touch a person on the shoulder
kiss a person on the hand.
( other various forms )
found a business upon a principle.
inflict (안좋은 것을) 주다 punishment [a loss][a wound][a blow] on a person.
concentrate one's energies on the study of English.
impress something upon the mind.
spend money on books.
spend time in doing something.
distribute food among persons.
divide things between(among) two(three) persons.
throw stones at a dog.
ask a favour of a person.
demand something of a person.
expect something of a person.
beg something of a person.
build something of wood.
construct something of stone
form something of clay.
make enemies of them.
make a fool, an ass of oneself.
벌 손실 상처를 입히다. fligere "to hit"
infligere "strike upon"
Divide! Divide! 표결이요! 표결!
He divided his property among[between] his four sons. 그는 재산을 네 아들에게 나누어 주었다.
< drill >
I bought this pen for two hundred yen.
Will you play me at chess ?
He played a shameful trick on me.
He sent his servant for the doctor.
Did you inform the post-office of the change of your address ?
You should not ask such question of her.
Taking him for the well-known artist, they gave him a hearty welcome.
The rain kept me from going out yesterday.
My brother was robbed of his watch on his way home (to school).
He robbed me of that watch of mine.
S Vt + adverb O - patterns
call in a doctor
call up the police.
find out the reason.
put away a book.
take off one's clothes.
write down a note.
sail the world round.
read the book through.
call him in, 대명사일 경우는 부사를 그 뒤로 보낸다.
ask him in.
give it away,
bring them down.
take one's hat off.
put a person up for the night.
S Vi + prepositon O - patterns
wait for, laugh at, ask for, care for, listen to, call on, got off,
account for (=explain), hear of, arrive at, speak to, treat of the subjects,
send for, think of, look after, run over, rely on one's word. Talk of.
He talks of going abroad.
come from over the sea.
creep from under the table, behind the door,
See that the door is locked.
That depends on (it) how you decide.
You may depend on it that he will never fail to do it.
insist on ~ing.
more things than are dreamt (thought)of, 생각보다 많은
S V+adverb preposion O pattern
I got through with my work.
Can't you break away from your bad habits ?
That sort of thing should be done away with. ( should be got rid of )
I fell in with him at a hotel in Paris.
The thief got away with the jewels.
He has given in to my views. give in to the demand 요구에 굴하다
Go on with your work.
Keep away from bad companions.
You'd be better keep out of their quarrels.
You must keep up with the times.
He looked in on us. = visited
You must make up for lost time.
We put up at an inn for the night.
I cannot put up with him. = tolerate
I think much of him, = esteem
My work was got through with.
He cannot be put up with.
Let others be spoken ill of.
This practise has long been done away with. =has been abolished.
(abolish = do away with)
War should be abolished. 전쟁은 없어져야 한다
S vt O+prep. Pattern
No one can lose sight of that.
Take care of yourself. I was taken good care of.
catch of, sight of,
take hold of
make use of
find fault with
give rise to
seize hold of
lay seige to
pay attention to I was paid attention to.
부정사 동명사 참고
that, if, whether clause 를 object로 하는 Verbs
I feared that it might anger him. about : refers to different sides or aspects of something
I saw that the doctor arrived. about face ! 뒤로 돌아!
I hope he will come.
Go and see if ( whether ) he's busy.
I don't know whether to laugh or cry.
I don't know whether I am to laught or cry.
I don't know whether I should laugh or cry.
I never know whether to take what he says at face value or not.
THINK : consider fancy expect
guess dream hope
suppose recollect wish
imagine wonder regret
reckon feel pretend
calculate fear recommend
presume believe
KNOW : see find foget
understand observe agree
realize discover prove
perceive notice show
learn remember
hear
SAY : tell teach reply cry
mention advise repeat shout
state worn add confess
remark suggest admit grant
announce hint promise declare
whisper explain conclude
insist
command
Do you think our team will win ?
I hear he has never consulted a doctor in all his life.
Everyone knows he is a coward. cuard < Latin cauda "tail"
I wish I could afford it. cow·ard·ice n. 겁(opp. bravery)
He wished he had arrived a little earlier.
He said, " I shall not fail to see you."
He said that he would not fail to see you.
I feared lest it should anger him. ( or might ) 일어나지 않기를 바라는 맘에서
I feared that it might anger him. 일어 날 수 있다는 전제하에서
lest : in order to prevent something (especially causing fear) happening
lest :"by which less that"
but that : ------ (=that~not)
2중 부정형식을 피하려고 but를 쓴다.
[ 부정의 주절 중의 so 또는 such와 상관적으로]
No man is so old but that he may learn. 《=No man is too old to learn.》
He is not such a fool but he can tell that. 《=He is not such a fool that he cannot tell that.》
[ 부정의 주절에 대하여 조건절을 이끌어]
It never rains but it pours. 엎친 데 덮친다.
Scarcely a day passed but I met her. 《Hardly a day passed without my meeting her.쪽이 일반적임》
[ 부정문 또는 의문문에 쓰인 doubt, deny, question, wonder 등의 뒤]
I don’t doubt [There is no doubt ] but (that) you will achieve it. 당신이 그것을 해낼 것을 의심치 않는다.
There was no question but that heart failure had caused his death. 심장마비가 그의 죽음의 원인인 것은 의심의 여지가 없다. 《★ but에 선행하는 동사[명사]는 언제나 부정적 의미를 갖는 것에 주의》
[종종 but that [《구어》 what]로 부정·수사의문에 쓰인 expect, fear, say, know, believe, be sure 등의 뒤] (that ... Not)
Never fear but I’ll go. 반드시 갈 것이니까 염려 마라.
Who knows but that he may be right? 어쩌면 그가 옳을지도 모른다 《옳지 않다는 것을 누가 알 것인가?》
Bitmap
All but he are present. 그를 제외하고는 모두 참석하였다.
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Nobody but she knew it. 그녀 외에는 아무도 그것을 몰랐다
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Heavens, but it rains! 이런, 비가 오잖아!
Who doubted that that catastorophe was over ? katastrephein "overturn" < strephein "turn" : 뒤엎어짐, disaster
Who doubted but that catastorophe was over ?
I don't deny that it is all true. 참이다
I don't deny but it is all true. 참이 아니다
They said that he was rich.
It was said that he was rich ( by them).
He was said to be rich (by them).
They say that he was rich.
It is said that he have been rich.
He is said to have been rich.
v prep+ it that :
I congratulate on it that you have succeeded.
I insist on it that you shall be there.
I don't wonder at it that you are surprised.
Rely on it that I shall come.
Depend upon it that I shall come.
See to it that no harms come to the children.
Take care of it that no harms come to the children.
I can answer for it that the strictest economy shall be observed.
I can assure of it that the strictest economy shall be observed.
I had it (heard) from miss Smith that you had gone to the country.
Rumour has it ( there is a rumour ) that he is going to give up the present position.
The proverb puts it ( the proverb says ) that it never smokes but there's a fire.
I desire that she come back.
I order that her trunks should be placed in my car.
They demended that the meeting be postponed.
I wish I were here.
I wish I had known him.
He wished he had arrived a little earlier.
I wish I may live to see it.
I wish you would send the money tomorrow.
drill
I grieved that I shall no longer see him.
I wish I should speak English as well as you.
I wish you would succeed.
I wish you may succeed.
Interrogative or Relative clause 를 object로 하는 Verbs
know think wonder say ask
understand consider marvel inform demand
see imagine feel notice
realize suppose suggest 의문문, 부정문에서
learn doubt tell care
hear advise mind
discover
We did not know who the traveller was.
I know which way was the shortest.
I wondered when he will arrive.
I have forgotten how to do it.
You may take whichever you like.
We don't know whether to laugh or cry.
I am thinking of what to do next.
He hesitated (as to )what to reply.
We are at a loss ( as to ) what to do.
They could not agree as to whom to choose.
He asked who I was. = He asked, " who are you?"
간접의문문에서 동사 think, believe, guess..... 등의 단어들은 yes / no 로 대답할 수 없기에 의문사가 앞에 온다.
Do you know who he is? (O)
Do you think where he goes? (X)
Where do you think he goes?(O)
( Do you know. 의문사 do you think )
Do you know what is that ? What do you think is that ?
Who do you think is the mayor of that town ?
Do you know who he is ? 인칭대명사 Who do you think(suppose) he is ? 인칭대명사
I did not know who she was . Who do you suppose that I am ?
Do you know what kind of occupation he has ? of = about
Do you know when he will start ? what do you think of him ?
What do you think of this flower ?
( what ) How do you like this flower ?
I believe what ( that which ) he said.
I told them what I had told him. what do you think? 어떻게 생각해?
Do you know what he said ? what are you thinking about? 무슨생각해?
He is not what he used to be.
I did what (little) I could.
Use what powers you have.
S V O(Gerund) pattern
mind I don't mind going.
I don't mind his leaving.
Do you mind my smoking ?
Would you mind holding your tongue ?
enjoy I enjoy playing tennis.
( 부정사 동명사를 취하는 동사 참조 )
부정사 또는 동명사를 쓸경우 뜻이 다른 경우
He stopped smoking. I remember going.
He stopped to smoke. I remember to go.
I couldn't help laughing at him. I forget going.
I help him to edit the magazine. I forget to go.
I regret being unable to come.
I regret to say that Mr.Dyke has died.
I regret to hear that he has failed.
다음은 부정사 또는 동명사를 써도 뜻이 같다.
When did you begin learning / to learn English ?
I hate troubling / to trouble you.
She loves having / to have a lot of dogs round her.
What do you intend doing / to do today ?
He started crying / to cry.
She likes swimming / to swim.
These clothes want washing / to be washed .
It will need doing / to be done.
The house wants mending(=being mended).
( Gerund's sense subject ) 소유격 목적격 다 쓰임.
I do not doubt your being able to do it.
I appreciate your offering to help me.
You can imagine him playing golf.
I saw him coming.
cf. He being ill, I had to go alone. 주격이 쓰일 경우.
S V O1 o2 pattern
나는 이를 3 형식으로 본다, 목적물의 귀속처는 앞에 to, for를 사용하나 동사 바로 뒤에 올때는 생략한다.
GIVE => award, grant, offer, hand, pay, pass, sell, lease, leave, lend, bring, fetch, send, pledge, tell, teach, show, write, restore, return, read, promise, throw, toss, yield, assign, bequeath, insure, guarantee, afford, allow.
MAKE => buy, build, leave, get, order, ask, play, set, sing, read, do.
COST => forgive, pardon, envy, answer, strike, save, deny, spare, wish, cause, reach, take,
The hat cost me 1000 won.
I cannot lend them you.
She bequeathed no small sum of money to him.=She bequeathed him no small sum of money. 그녀는 그에게 적지 않은 돈을 유산으로 남겼다.
I can refuse him nothing.
it took me 3 years to complete it.
It cost him a great deal of trouble.
It spared me much trouble. Much trouble was spared me, I was spared much trouble.
The government granted me a pension. A pension was granted me. I was granted a pension.
I strike him a heavy blow, He was struck a heavy blow. ( ? A heavy blow was struck him.)
I envy you your skill. You are envied your skill. ( ? Your skill is envied you.)
Answer me this question. I was answered nothing. ( ? Nothing was answered me.)
Forgive me my sins. I was forgiven my sins. ( ? My sins were forgiven me.)
참고 : tell me, teach me. Infotm me, warn me, remind me, satisfy me, ask me.
S V O C pattern
SEE , find, discover, know, acknowledge, grant, feel.
THINK, believe, consider, reckon, esteem, hold, conclude,
IMAGINE, suppose, fancy,
WISH, want, like,
DECLARE, call, pronouce,
NAME, appoint, proclaim, nominate, nickname, elect, choose, crown,
PROVE, approve, show,
KEEP, hold, have,
LEAVE, let, lay, put, set, make, render, get, turn, drive, strike, open,
The sun keeps us warm.
They elected him president.
You have made me what I am.
Let him alone to do it.
It's unwise to let a madam loose,
Why didn't you set her right ?
The cold weather has turned lthe eaves red.
What color shall I paint the door ?
Paint the door a green color.
I always thought her rather a cold temperament.
He acknowledged it to be true. He acknowledged that it was true.
He acknowledged it as true.
I regard this opinion of little value.
*** en, em 을 adjective, noun 앞이나 뒤에 붙어 만드는 동사
enable, enrich, enslave, enfeeble,
embitter,
darken, harden, soften, shorten, widen, deepen, moisten, sweeten,
S V O C( TO infinive ) pattern
get, cause,enable, allow,
find, fancy, imagine, suppose, remember, order, command, tell, wish, want, propose, think, know, report, believe, declare, expect, regard, consider, prove, judge, suspect,
I believe him to be honest.
Don't allow any mistake to be passed unnoticed !
Will you allow me to use your pen ?
The rain compelled us to stop playing.
The rain caused the river to overflow.
We cannot imagine him to have saved much money.
They want you to come, You are wanted to come. It is wanted that you should come.
S V O C( ROOT infinive ) pattern
LET, MAKE, HAVE, BID, (HELP) 5개
HEAR ; SEE, BEHOLD,WATCH, NOTICE, OBSERVE ; SMELL ; PERCEIVE, FEEL,
Let him do so. = Allow him to do so.
I made him run.
One man may lead the horse to the water, but cannot make him drink.
I will have some one come, = I will get some one come.
I will have my servant go. = I will make my servant go.
Bid him go ! = Tell him to go !
He bade me follow him. I was bidden to follow him.
I heard him say so.
I saw him go.
I was watching the crows fly home to roost.
I did not observed him leave the room.
I saw him run. He was seen to run.
I made him go. He was made to go.
I thought it was he. = I thought it to be him. It was thought to be he.
S V O C( participle ) pattern
I saw a dog running.
He kept me waiting.
I had my watch mended.
I saw him strike the horse. ( just once )
I saw him striking the horse. ( continuously )
I saw the work done. = The work was done, when I saw it.
S V O C( adverb ) pattern
I saw him asleep.
He left the door ajar.
Leave him alone.
I have day off.
I found him in.
I found him there.
I found everything in good condition.
2006-04-09 일고영어 특강 정리 완료
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